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Mexican plantain

buck's-horn plantain, buck-horn plantain, cut-leaf plantain

Habit Perennials; caudex glabrous; roots fibrous, stout. Annuals, sometimes biennials; roots taproots, stout.
Stems

0–10 mm.

0–10 mm.

Leaves

40–350 × 6–77 mm;

blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, margins entire, veins conspicuous, surfaces pilose, rarely glabrate, adaxial surface hairs not floccose, less than 2 mm long, more than 0.03 mm wide.

20–80(–115) × 5–15 mm;

blade lanceolate, margins usually 1- or 2-pinnatifid, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces villous, hairs septate, sometimes glabrate.

Scapes

30–560 mm, hairy, hairs antrorse, short.

decumbent, sometimes erect, 15–150(–210) mm, villous.

Spikes

greenish or brownish, 100–1000 mm, densely flowered;

bracts narrowly triangular, 1.6–4.2 mm, length 0.8–1.5 times sepals.

decumbent, sometimes erect, greenish, purplish, or brownish, (15–)30–300 mm, densely flowered;

bracts ovate to lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, length 0.5–0.6 times sepals.

Flowers

sepals 2–2.5 mm;

corolla radially symmetric, lobes erect, forming a beak, 2–2.8 mm, base obtuse;

stamens 4.

sepals 2–3 mm;

corolla radially symmetric, tube hairy, lobes reflexed, 1 mm, base obtuse;

stamens 4.

Seeds

3, 1.2–2.2 mm.

(2–)4 (plus 1 smaller, distal one of different shape), 1–1.5 mm.

2n

= 24.

= 10, 20, 30 (all Eurasia).

Plantago australis

Plantago coronopus

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering summer.
Habitat Open places. Moist, gravelly or sandy soils.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; Mexico; Central America; South America
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from FNA
CA; MA; NJ; NY; OR; PA; TX; WA; BC; MB; Greenland; Eurasia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America]
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Discussion

Plantago australis occurs in Cochise, Coconino, and Pima counties. Plantago australis is most diverse in South America, where as many as 16 subspecies (K. Rahn 1974) may be recognized. Plants from California identified as P. hirtella are most likely P. subnuda. However, since the most important distinguishing character of P. australis is the absence of the developed taproot (which is fragile and often broken in herbarium specimens), all these samples require careful examination. Further research is needed also to clarify the circumscriptions of P. australis and P. subnuda.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 284. FNA vol. 17, p. 285.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Plantago Plantaginaceae > Plantago
Sibling taxa
P. afra, P. argyrea, P. aristata, P. canescens, P. cordata, P. coronopus, P. elongata, P. erecta, P. eriopoda, P. firma, P. floccosa, P. helleri, P. heterophylla, P. hookeriana, P. indica, P. lanceolata, P. macrocarpa, P. major, P. maritima, P. media, P. ovata, P. patagonica, P. pusilla, P. rhodosperma, P. rugelii, P. sempervirens, P. sparsiflora, P. subnuda, P. tweedyi, P. virginica, P. wrightiana
P. afra, P. argyrea, P. aristata, P. australis, P. canescens, P. cordata, P. elongata, P. erecta, P. eriopoda, P. firma, P. floccosa, P. helleri, P. heterophylla, P. hookeriana, P. indica, P. lanceolata, P. macrocarpa, P. major, P. maritima, P. media, P. ovata, P. patagonica, P. pusilla, P. rhodosperma, P. rugelii, P. sempervirens, P. sparsiflora, P. subnuda, P. tweedyi, P. virginica, P. wrightiana
Synonyms P. australis subsp. hirtella, P. hirtella, P. hirtella var. galeottiana, P. hirtella var. mollior P. coronopus subsp. commutata
Name authority Lamarck: in J. Lamarck and J. L. M. Poiret, Tabl. Encycl. 1: 339. (1792) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 115. (1753)
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