Plantago aristata |
Plantago maritima |
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bottlebrush indianwheat, bract plantain, bristly plantain, large bract plantain |
Alaska plantain, common plantain, goose tongue, maritime plantain, plantain maritime, salt marsh plantain, sea plantain, seaside plantain |
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Habit | Annuals; roots taproots, slender. | Perennials, rarely annuals; caudex absent or well developed, conspicuous, glabrous or hairy; roots taproots, thick. |
Stems | 20–40 mm. |
0–40 mm, usually branched. |
Leaves | 30–200 × 3–7 mm; blade linear or narrowly lanceolate, margins entire, rarely toothed, veins conspicuous or not, abaxial surface villous, adaxial glabrous or sparsely villous. |
10–220 × (1–)10–15 mm; blade linear to lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins not conspicuous, surfaces glabrous, sometimes hairy. |
Scapes | 100–500 mm, hairy, hairs antrorse, long and short. |
40–120 mm, glabrous or hirsute. |
Spikes | greenish or brownish, 80–150 mm, densely flowered, flowers in whorls or pairs; bracts almost linear, 15–30 mm, length 2–12 times sepals. |
greenish or brownish, (15–)50–200(–290) mm, densely or loosely flowered; bracts broadly ovate, 1.5–4(–6) mm, length 0.8–1.2 times sepals. |
Flowers | sepals 2.7–3.7 mm; corolla bilaterally symmetric, lobes reflexed, adaxials 1.4–2.3 mm, laterals symmetric, base deeply cordate; stamens 4, connective elongated, apex acute. |
sepals 1.5–3.5 mm; corolla radially symmetric, tube hairy, lobes reflexed, 1–1.5 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
Seeds | 2, 2.5–2.9 mm. |
1–3, 1.5–3 mm. |
2n | = 20. |
= 24. |
Plantago aristata |
Plantago maritima |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–fall. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Roadsides, pastures, disturbed ground. | Marine shorelines, crevices of large rocks in sea spray, coastal and inland salt marshes, alkaline and saline flats, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–700 m. (0–2300 ft.) | 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; NS; ON [Introduced in Central America, Europe, Asia]
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AK; CA; CT; MA; ME; NH; NJ; NY; OR; RI; VA; WA; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Mexico; Central America; South America; Greenland; Eurasia; Africa
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Discussion | Plantago aristata is similar to P. patagonica; the latter is distinguished by its dense, villous indument. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Plantago maritima has been reported from Utah; no specimen supporting that report has been found. Since the 1930s, when Plantago maritima was shown to have high levels of phenotypic plasticity (J. W. Gregor and J. M. S. Lang 1950), it usually has been accepted in a broad sense. That approach is followed here, with all dwarf and loose-flowered forms (such as P. borealis and P. decipiens, respectively) included under this name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 284. | FNA vol. 17, p. 289. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. patagonica var. aristata, P. purshii var. aristata | P. borealis, P. decipiens, P. juncoides, P. juncoides var. californica, P. juncoides var. decipiens, P. juncoides var. glauca, P. juncoides var. laurentiana, P. maritima subsp. borealis, P. maritima var. californica, P. maritima var. decipiens, P. maritima var. glauca, P. maritima subsp. juncoides, P. maritima var. juncoides, P. oliganthos, P. oliganthos var. fallax |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 95. (1803) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 114. (1753) |
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