Planodes |
Planodes virginicum |
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common rock cress |
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Habit | Annuals (sometimes winter); not scapose; pubescent or glabrous. | |
Stems | erect or ascending to decumbent, often branched distally. |
simple to many from base, (0.5–)1–3.5(–5.5) dm, hirsute or puberulent basally, often glabrous distally. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiolate; basal (loosely) rosulate, blade margins pinnatifid to pinnatisect, (lobes) dentate or entire; cauline similar to basal. |
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Basal leaves | petiole (0.3–)0.8–1.5(–2) cm; blade oblong to oblanceolate in outline, (1–)1.5–7(–10) cm × 4–20(–30) mm, margins pinnatifid to pinnatisect; lobes (4–)6–12(–15) per side, ovate or oblong to linear, margins often coarsely dentate proximally, entire or minutely dentate distally, larger distally; terminal lobe equal to or larger than lateral, margins entire or laterally 1-toothed, surfaces usually pubescent, rarely glabrate. |
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Cauline leaves | shortly petiolate; blade smaller, narrower, (lobe) margins entire. |
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Racemes | (corymbose, several-flowered), considerably elongated in fruit. |
lax in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals erect, oblong, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, (longer than sepals), claw undifferentiated from blade, (apex obtuse); stamens slightly tetradynamous; filaments not dilated basally; anthers ovate, (apex obtuse); nectar glands lateral (minute), 1 on each side of lateral stamen. |
sepals 1–2 × 0.5–0.8 mm, glabrous or subapically with few hairs; petals 2–3 × 0.5–1 mm; filaments 1.5–2 mm; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending, slender. |
straight, (1.5–)2.5–6(–8) mm, glabrous. |
Fruits | siliques, sessile or subsessile, linear, torulose, straight, latiseptate; valves each with obscure midvein, glabrous; replum rounded; septum complete; ovules (20–)28–44 per ovary; style distinct (conical); stigma capitate. |
divaricate-ascending, (1–)1.5–2.5(–3.2) cm × 1–1.5 mm, slightly torulose; style 0.2–0.7 mm. |
Seeds | uniseriate, flattened, narrowly winged, orbicular or suborbicular; seed coat not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. |
orbicular or suborbicular, 1–1.2 × 0.9–1 mm; wing 0.1–0.15 mm. |
x | = 8. |
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2n | = 16. |
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Planodes |
Planodes virginicum |
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Phenology | Flowering Feb–Apr. | |
Habitat | Fields, floodplains, waste places, lawns, railroad tracks, embankments, roadsides, cultivated ground, streamsides, open woods | |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | |
Distribution | c United States; nw Mexico; s United States |
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico (Baja California) |
Discussion | Species 1. Planodes virginicum has floated among Arabis, Cardamine, and Sibara. However, it is distinct from all three both morphologically and phylogenetically, and it appears to be most closely allied to Cardamine. It is known from Baja California; in the southeastern and some of the central United States, it has become weedy, especially in cultivated or abandoned fields. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Distribution of Planodes virginicum is primarily in the southeastern and central United States (Virginia west into Kansas, south into Texas, and east into Florida). Its disjunction in southern California and northern Baja California suggests that it was introduced there. Considering the weedy nature of the species, I expect that its range extends beyond that given above. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 492. | FNA vol. 7, p. 493. |
Parent taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cardamine virginica, Arabis ludoviciana, Arabis virginica, Cardamine ludoviciana, Sibara virginica | |
Name authority | Greene: Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 220. (1912) | (Linnaeus) Greene: Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 221. (1912) |
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