Flora of North America species comparison

to 5 cm, 1–4 mm wide across leafy stem, prostrate or rarely erect, complanate-foliate or sometimes julaceous.

2–6(–8) cm, 0.5–4 mm wide across leafy stem.

somewhat spreading, rarely secund with apices pointing toward substratum, imbricate, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, asymmetric, flat to concave, 1.5–4 × 0.5–2 mm;

margins broadly recurved nearly to apex or sometimes plane, serrulate at extreme apex or rarely entire;

apex acute to acuminate or rarely narrowly obtuse, not abruptly contracted, seldom recurved;

costa with one branch sometimes reaching mid leaf or rarely ecostate;

alar cells spheric, oval, quadrate, or rectangular, 19–80 × 19–29 µm, in 3–8 vertical rows, terminating in several spheric or oval cells at base, region often auriculate and oval, sometimes cells quadrate and rectangular, terminating in 1 cell at base, region triangular;

medial laminal cells 70–180 × 12–21 µm. Specialized asexual reproduction often present as propagula, 72–178 × 9–24 µm, of 3–7 cells borne in leaf axils.

0.7–4 × (0.2–)0.4–2 mm;

alar cells spheric, oval, quadrate, or rectangular, in 1–8 vertical rows, region triangular, or auriculate and oval;

basal laminal cells shorter, broader than medial;

medial cells 36–180 × 3–21 µm;

apical cells often shorter.

light brown to red, 1.5–3.5 cm, curved.

yellow or orange to red-brown.

autoicous or sometimes dioicous, usually fruiting.

cernuous or rarely erect or inclined, light brown to orange-brown when mature, arcuate, rarely straight when erect or inclined, 1.5–3.5 × 0.5–1 mm, striate or sometimes wrinkled, rarely smooth, strongly wrinkled at neck;

operculum short-rostrate, 0.7–1 mm;

endostome cilia 2 or 3.

yellowish, orange-brown, reddish, light brown, or dark red when mature, oblong to ovoid, smooth to striate, often wrinkled at neck, often contracted below mouth when dry;

annulus differentiated;

endostome cilia 1–3, usually as long as segments or nearly so, nodulose, rarely rudimentary or absent.

9–13 µm.

asexual reproduction by 2–7-celled propagula borne on branched stalks in leaf axils or in clusters without stalks on abaxial leaf surface.