Flora of North America species comparison

green or yellow-green, crisped and contorted, distally often densely twisted around stem when dry, flat when moist, obovate or elliptic, 3–5(–7) mm;

base decurrent or not;

margins toothed to 2/3 leaf length or sometimes just past mid leaf or to base, teeth sharp, of 1–2(–3) cells;

apex acute, acuminate, or rarely obtuse or rounded, cuspidate, cusp toothed;

costa percurrent, excurrent, or rarely subpercurrent;

medial laminal cells short-elongate or ± isodiametric, (17–)25–40(–45) µm, slightly smaller near margins, in longitudinal, rarely diagonal rows, strongly collenchymatous, walls not pitted;

marginal cells linear, in (3–)4–5 rows.

green to yellow-green, crisped and contorted when dry, flat when moist, broadly elliptic, ovate, orbicular, or oblong-elliptic, (1–)2–6(–8) mm;

base not decurrent or rarely short-decurrent;

margins weakly to moderately toothed distally or to 3/4 leaf length, rarely to near base, often entire on sterile stems, teeth blunt, of 1 (or 2) cells;

apex broadly rounded, obtuse, or occasionally truncate or retuse, usually narrowly mucronate or cuspidate, cusp bent to side, rarely toothed;

costa percurrent or excurrent;

medial laminal cells elongate or occasionally ± isodiametric, (30–)50–65(–85) µm, distinctly smaller near margins, often less than 1/2 size, in longitudinal and ± diagonal rows, not to weakly, rarely strongly, collenchymatous, walls pitted, pits sometimes indistinct or absent;

marginal cells short-linear or rhomboidal, sometimes linear in larger leaves, in 2–4 rows.

1–4(–6), yellow, reddish at base, 3–4 cm.

1(–3), yellow to reddish brown, 1.8–4.5 cm.

synoicous.

dioicous.

horizontal to pendent, oblong, 3–4.5 mm, neck distinct, brown, often wrinkled;

operculum conic-apiculate.

pendent, cylindric or oblong-cylindric, 3–5 mm, neck not distinct;

operculum conic-apiculate.

34–40 µm.

25–30 µm.

stems 2–4(–6) cm, not dendroid;

sterile stems absent.

stems 2–5 cm, not dendroid;

sterile stems to 12 cm.