Flora of North America species comparison

green or yellow-green, crisped and contorted, distally often densely twisted around stem when dry, flat when moist, obovate or elliptic, 3–5(–7) mm;

base decurrent or not;

margins toothed to 2/3 leaf length or sometimes just past mid leaf or to base, teeth sharp, of 1–2(–3) cells;

apex acute, acuminate, or rarely obtuse or rounded, cuspidate, cusp toothed;

costa percurrent, excurrent, or rarely subpercurrent;

medial laminal cells short-elongate or ± isodiametric, (17–)25–40(–45) µm, slightly smaller near margins, in longitudinal, rarely diagonal rows, strongly collenchymatous, walls not pitted;

marginal cells linear, in (3–)4–5 rows.

light green or yellow-green, moderately contorted when dry, flat when moist, obovate or sometimes elliptic, 2–6 mm;

base long-decurrent;

margins toothed from about mid leaf to apex, sometimes to just below mid leaf, teeth sharp, of 1–2(–3) cells;

apex acuminate or acute, occasionally obtuse or rounded, short- to long-cuspidate, cusp toothed;

costa percurrent, excurrent, or rarely subpercurrent;

medial laminal cells ± isodiametric or short-elongate, 30–50(–60) µm, much smaller near margins, often less than 1/2 size, in longitudinal, not diagonal rows, not or weakly collenchymatous, walls not pitted;

marginal cells linear, in 2–4 rows.

1–4(–6), yellow, reddish at base, 3–4 cm.

1–3(–4), yellow to reddish brown, 1.2–3 cm.

synoicous.

synoicous.

horizontal to pendent, oblong, 3–4.5 mm, neck distinct, brown, often wrinkled;

operculum conic-apiculate.

horizontal to pendent, ovoid or obovoid, 2–3 mm, neck not distinct;

operculum conic-apiculate.

34–40 µm.

18–25 µm.

stems 2–4(–6) cm, not dendroid;

sterile stems absent.

stems 1–4 cm, not dendroid;

sterile stems to 7 cm.