Flora of North America species comparison

green or yellow-green, crisped and contorted, distally often densely twisted around stem when dry, flat when moist, obovate or elliptic, 3–5(–7) mm;

base decurrent or not;

margins toothed to 2/3 leaf length or sometimes just past mid leaf or to base, teeth sharp, of 1–2(–3) cells;

apex acute, acuminate, or rarely obtuse or rounded, cuspidate, cusp toothed;

costa percurrent, excurrent, or rarely subpercurrent;

medial laminal cells short-elongate or ± isodiametric, (17–)25–40(–45) µm, slightly smaller near margins, in longitudinal, rarely diagonal rows, strongly collenchymatous, walls not pitted;

marginal cells linear, in (3–)4–5 rows.

green or yellow-green, crisped and contorted when dry, flat when moist, ovate, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or rarely obovate, (3–)4–6(–10) mm;

base narrowly long-decurrent;

margins toothed to near base, smaller leaves sometimes nearly entire, teeth blunt or less commonly sharp, of (1–)2–3(–4) cells;

apex rounded, occasionally truncate or obtuse, rarely retuse, cuspidate or apiculate, cusp occasionally toothed;

costa percurrent, excurrent, or rarely subpercurrent;

medial laminal cells elongate, rarely ± isodiametric (especially near margins), 45–85 µm, less than 1/2 size near margins, in ± longitudinal, occasionally diagonal rows, collenchymatous, sometimes weakly, walls pitted, pits sometimes indistinct or absent;

marginal cells linear, sometimes short-linear or rhomboidal, in (2–)3–4 rows.

1–4(–6), yellow, reddish at base, 3–4 cm.

1–3, yellowish or brownish green, 2–4 cm.

synoicous.

dioicous.

horizontal to pendent, oblong, 3–4.5 mm, neck distinct, brown, often wrinkled;

operculum conic-apiculate.

pendent, cylindric, 3–4.5 mm, neck not distinct;

operculum conic-apiculate.

34–40 µm.

18–24 µm.

stems 2–4(–6) cm, not dendroid;

sterile stems absent.

stems 2–5(–9) cm, not dendroid;

sterile stems to 10 cm.