Plagiomnium insigne
Plagiomnium undulatum
badge moss, coastal leafy moss, costal leafy moss, plagiomnium moss
Hart's-tongue thyme-moss
dark green, green, or yellow-green, crisped and contorted when dry, flat when moist, elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or occasionally ovate or oblong, (3–)5–9(–11) mm;
base broadly long-decurrent;
margins toothed to near base, teeth sharp, of 1 or 2 cells;
apex acute, acuminate, or occasionally obtuse or rounded, cuspidate, cusp toothed;
costa excurrent, percurrent, or rarely subpercurrent;
medial laminal cells usually short-elongate or ± isodiametric, 40–70(–80) µm, somewhat smaller near margins to about 1/2 size, in weakly defined longitudinal rows, rarely in diagonal rows, collenchymatous, walls pitted, pits often indistinct;
marginal cells linear, in 3–4(–5) rows.
dark green or yellow-green, contorted when dry, transversely undulate when moist, oblong-lingulate, lingulate, narrowly ligulate, or rarely narrowly elliptic, 6–10(–14) mm;
base long-decurrent;
margins toothed to near base, teeth sharp, of 1 (or 2) cells;
apex obtuse or rounded, occasionally acute, usually cuspidate, cusp toothed;
costa excurrent;
medial laminal cells elongate or short-elongate, (12–)15–30(–40) µm, slightly smaller near margins, occasionally in longitudinal rows, rarely in diagonal rows, collenchymatous, walls pitted or not;
marginal cells linear, in (2–)3–4 rows.
3–6(–8), reddish proximally, yellow distally, 2–4 cm.
dioicous.
dioicous.
pendent, cylindric, 3.5–4.5 mm, neck not distinct;
operculum conic-apiculate.
pendent, oblong-cylindric, 2.5–3 mm, neck not distinct;
operculum rostrate.
20–25 µm.
30–35 µm].
stems 3–8 cm, not dendroid;
sterile stems to 10 cm.
stems 1–10 cm, ± dendroid;
sterile stems to 10(–15) cm.
asexual reproduction by stolonlike stems.
Plagiomnium insigne
Plagiomnium undulatum
Plagiomnium insigne is typically a large species, often forming extensive mats or turfs. It is fairly common in forests and in shaded urban habitats along the west coast. Plagiomnium medium is usually smaller, lighter green, and found in generally wetter habitats than P. insigne. According to T. J. Koponen (1974), older fertile stems of P. medium are more densely covered with rhizoids than those of P. insigne that are nearly rhizoid free.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Plagiomnium undulatum, likely an introduction from Europe, recently has been found in Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia (S. Joya and T. T. McIntosh 2012), where it is well established at a few sites in shaded habitats over soil, especially along roadsides. The species probably has been overlooked because of superficial similarities to P. insigne, a fairly common urban moss in similar habitats; it may be present in other west coast cities. Sporophytes are not known from the flora area (descriptions of the sporophytes are from A. J. E. Smith 2004). The plants often produce subterranean and leafless stolonlike stems. For differences from the similar 1. P. carolinianum, see the discussion of that species.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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