Flora of North America species comparison

dark green, green, or yellow-green, crisped and contorted when dry, flat when moist, elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or occasionally ovate or oblong, (3–)5–9(–11) mm;

base broadly long-decurrent;

margins toothed to near base, teeth sharp, of 1 or 2 cells;

apex acute, acuminate, or occasionally obtuse or rounded, cuspidate, cusp toothed;

costa excurrent, percurrent, or rarely subpercurrent;

medial laminal cells usually short-elongate or ± isodiametric, 40–70(–80) µm, somewhat smaller near margins to about 1/2 size, in weakly defined longitudinal rows, rarely in diagonal rows, collenchymatous, walls pitted, pits often indistinct;

marginal cells linear, in 3–4(–5) rows.

light to dark green, sometimes black with age, crisped and contorted when dry, flat or sometimes weakly undulate in older leaves when moist, broadly elliptic or ovate, 2.5–4(–7) mm;

base not or weakly decurrent;

margins weakly toothed distally or to near base, occasionally entire, teeth blunt, of 1 (or 2) cells;

apex broadly rounded, truncate, or retuse, rarely emarginate, apiculate or rarely cuspidate, cusp smooth;

costa percurrent, short-excurrent, or rarely subpercurrent;

medial laminal cells short-elongate or ± isodiametric, 22–35(–45) µm, slightly smaller near margins, in indistinct longitudinal or diagonal rows, strongly collenchymatous, walls not pitted;

marginal cells linear or sometimes short-linear, in 3–5 rows.

3–6(–8), reddish proximally, yellow distally, 2–4 cm.

1–4, yellow, reddish with age, 1.5–3(–4) cm.

dioicous.

synoicous.

pendent, cylindric, 3.5–4.5 mm, neck not distinct;

operculum conic-apiculate.

horizontal to pendent, cylindric or oblong-cylindric, 2.5–4.5 mm, neck not distinct;

operculum rostrate.

20–25 µm.

22–33 µm.

stems 3–8 cm, not dendroid;

sterile stems to 10 cm.

stems 1–2 cm, not dendroid;

sterile stems to 6 cm.