Flora of North America species comparison

green or yellow-green, crisped and contorted when dry, flat when moist, ovate, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or rarely obovate, (3–)4–6(–10) mm;

base narrowly long-decurrent;

margins toothed to near base, smaller leaves sometimes nearly entire, teeth blunt or less commonly sharp, of (1–)2–3(–4) cells;

apex rounded, occasionally truncate or obtuse, rarely retuse, cuspidate or apiculate, cusp occasionally toothed;

costa percurrent, excurrent, or rarely subpercurrent;

medial laminal cells elongate, rarely ± isodiametric (especially near margins), 45–85 µm, less than 1/2 size near margins, in ± longitudinal, occasionally diagonal rows, collenchymatous, sometimes weakly, walls pitted, pits sometimes indistinct or absent;

marginal cells linear, sometimes short-linear or rhomboidal, in (2–)3–4 rows.

green to dark green, crisped and contorted and somewhat spreading when dry, transversely undulate when moist, oblong-lingulate, oblong, or oblong-elliptic, 5–8(–10) mm;

base long-decurrent;

margins toothed to near base, teeth blunt or sometimes sharp, of 1 (or 2) cells;

apex retuse or emarginate, rarely truncate or rounded, usually short-mucronate;

costa subpercurrent, percurrent, or short-excurrent;

medial laminal cells short-elongate or ± isodiametric, (15–)20–35 µm, somewhat smaller near margins, sometimes in ill-defined rows, collenchymatous, walls pitted;

marginal cells linear, in (2–)3–4 rows.

1–3, yellowish or brownish green, 2–4 cm.

1–4, yellow-green, dark red to blackish with age, 2–4 cm.

dioicous.

synoicous.

pendent, cylindric, 3–4.5 mm, neck not distinct;

operculum conic-apiculate.

horizontal to pendent, oblong-cylindric, 2.5–3 mm, neck not distinct;

operculum long-rostrate.

18–24 µm.

30–35 µm.

stems 2–5(–9) cm, not dendroid;

sterile stems to 10 cm.

stems 2–3(–5) cm, not dendroid;

sterile stems to 5(–20) cm.