Pityopsis graminifolia |
Pityopsis graminifolia var. latifolia |
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grass-leaf goldenaster, narrowleaf silkgrass |
narrowleaf silkgrass |
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Habit | Perennials, 20–80 cm; rhizomes 3–20 cm. | |||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–5+, erect, green to brown beneath hairs, simple, silvery-sericeous (hairs irregularly anastomosing-cohering). |
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Leaves | basal sessile, blades linear to lanceolate, grasslike, longer or shorter than cauline, 80–250(–400) × 2–20 mm, faces densely silvery-sericeous (hairs irregularly anastomosing-cohering); cauline 20–60, sometimes crowded, spreading to ascending, linear or lanceolate to ovate, usually reduced distally, apices acute, faces silvery-sericeous; distalmost sometimes greatly reduced. |
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Cauline leaves | 30–90 × 2–6 mm, reduced distally. |
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Peduncles | 1–10 cm, sericeous; bracts and bracteoles 3–20, appressed, often grading into phyllaries. |
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Involucres | turbino-campanulate, 5–13 mm (usually shorter than pappi). |
8–12 mm. |
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Ray florets | 9–13; laminae 4–14 mm. |
10–16; laminae 7–15. |
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Disc florets | 15–50; corollas 4–9 mm, limb bases glabrate to sparsely pilose or rarely limbs moderately long-pilose; lobes 0.5–0.8 mm, glabrous to sparsely pilose. |
30–40; corollas 6.5–8.5 mm, lobes 0.6–0.8 mm, throats and lobes glabrous or proximal throats sparsely short-pilose. |
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Phyllaries | in 4–6 series, margins fimbriate, piloso-ciliate, faces sparsely to moderately pilose (hairs often twisted), often more densely so distally, sometimes stipitate-glandular. |
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Heads | (2–)10–100+, in corymbiform to sometimes paniculiform arrays. |
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Cypselae | fusiform, 2.5–4.5 mm, strigose; pappi: outer scales 0.4–0.9 mm, inner 25–45 bristles 5–9 mm. |
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Phyllary | faces sparsely to moderately sericeous, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular distally. |
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2n | = 36. |
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Pityopsis graminifolia |
Pityopsis graminifolia var. latifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall (to Dec; rarely spring, Fla). | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy soils, margins of pine woods and scrub, roadsides | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–600 m (0–2000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MD; MS; NC; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; se Mexico; Bahamas; Central America (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras)
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AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MD; MS; NC; OH; SC; TN; TX; VA; Mexico; West Indies (Bahamas); Central America (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras) |
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Discussion | Varieties 5 (5 in the flora). The varieties can be difficult to distinguish in this highly variable species. The infraspecific classification presented by J. C. Semple and F. D. Bowers (1985) is followed here. Involucre height increases somewhat with age, making assignment of post flowering specimens of var. tenuifolia (diploid), var. latifolia (tetraploid), and var. tracyi (hexaploid) more difficult. Data on the distribution of diploids, tetraploids, and hexaploids (Semple and Bowers 1987; subsequent reports) indicate that only diploids occur west of the Mississippi River, while only tetraploids are known in the more northern parts of the range (n Alabama, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia). All three ploidy levels occur in Florida, where the three varieties are most distinct. Ploidy level correlates with involucre height in the limited sample of cytovouchers. Additional study is needed to sort out more fully biogeographic patterns of variation in the tenuifolia-latifolia-tracyi complex of Pityopsis graminifolia. An alternative treatment would be to combine all three in a single variety including a polyploid series, under the name var. tenuifolia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Variety latifolia is the most variable variety, particularly in leaf size, and involucre and stem heights. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 225. | FNA vol. 20, p. 227. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Pityopsis | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Pityopsis > Pityopsis graminifolia | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Inula graminifolia, Chrysopsis graminifolia, Heterotheca graminifolia | Chrysopsis graminifolia var. latifolia, Chrysopsis argentea, Chrysopsis correllii, Chrysopsis latifolia, Chrysopsis nervosa, Chrysopsis nervosa var. stenolepis, Chrysopsis nervosa var. virgata, Diplopappus sericeus, Erigeron nervosus, Heterotheca correllii, Heterotheca nervosa, Heyfeldera sericea, Inula argentea, P. argentea, P. nervosa | ||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Michaux) Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 318. (1840) | (Fernald) Semple & F. D. Bowers: Rev. Pityopsis, 28. (1985) | ||||||||||||||||
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