Pityopsis graminifolia
Pityopsis flexuosa
grass-leaf goldenaster, narrowleaf silkgrass
zigzag silkgrass
1–5+, erect, green to brown beneath hairs, simple, silvery-sericeous (hairs irregularly anastomosing-cohering).
1–6, ascending, sometimes reddish brown, usually simple, flexuous, slender, moderately sericeous, glabrescent.
basal sessile, blades linear to lanceolate, grasslike, longer or shorter than cauline, 80–250(–400) × 2–20 mm, faces densely silvery-sericeous (hairs irregularly anastomosing-cohering);
cauline 20–60, sometimes crowded, spreading to ascending, linear or lanceolate to ovate, usually reduced distally, apices acute, faces silvery-sericeous;
distalmost sometimes greatly reduced.
basal equaling or shorter than cauline, persistent through winter, withering by flowering;
cauline spreading to ascending, sessile, blades linear-lanceolate, 30–70 × 3–7 mm, apices acute, faces moderately sericeous, glabrescent;
distal slightly reduced.
1–10 cm, sericeous;
bracts and bracteoles 3–20, appressed, often grading into phyllaries.
sparsely bracteolate, 1–11 cm, tomentose, sparsely, minutely glandular;
bracteoles reduced distally.
turbino-campanulate, 5–13 mm (usually shorter than pappi).
narrowly campanulate, (7–)8–11 mm (equaling pappi).
9–13;
laminae 4–14 mm.
9–13;
laminae 5–8 mm.
15–50;
corollas 4–9 mm, limb bases glabrate to sparsely pilose or rarely limbs moderately long-pilose;
lobes 0.5–0.8 mm, glabrous to sparsely pilose.
25–45;
corollas 5.5–7 mm, tubes and proximal throats sparsely puberulent, lobes 0.5 mm, glabrous or glabrate.
in 4–6 series, margins fimbriate, piloso-ciliate, faces sparsely to moderately pilose (hairs often twisted), often more densely so distally, sometimes stipitate-glandular.
in 4–6 series, margins hyaline, sometimes reddish distally, fimbriate (midnerves pronounced), apices acute, faces sparsely pilose, eglandular or sparsely, minutely stipitate-glandular.
(2–)10–100+, in corymbiform to sometimes paniculiform arrays.
3–20 per stem, in corymbiform arrays.
fusiform, 2.5–4.5 mm, strigose;
pappi: outer scales 0.4–0.9 mm, inner 25–45 bristles 5–9 mm.
fusiform, 3–4 mm, ribbed (dark between ribs), faces sparsely strigose;
pappi: outer of linear scales 0.3–1 mm, inner of 30–50 bristles 5.5–7 mm.
= 18.
Pityopsis graminifolia
Pityopsis flexuosa
Varieties 5 (5 in the flora).
The varieties can be difficult to distinguish in this highly variable species. The infraspecific classification presented by J. C. Semple and F. D. Bowers (1985) is followed here. Involucre height increases somewhat with age, making assignment of post flowering specimens of var. tenuifolia (diploid), var. latifolia (tetraploid), and var. tracyi (hexaploid) more difficult. Data on the distribution of diploids, tetraploids, and hexaploids (Semple and Bowers 1987; subsequent reports) indicate that only diploids occur west of the Mississippi River, while only tetraploids are known in the more northern parts of the range (n Alabama, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia). All three ploidy levels occur in Florida, where the three varieties are most distinct. Ploidy level correlates with involucre height in the limited sample of cytovouchers. Additional study is needed to sort out more fully biogeographic patterns of variation in the tenuifolia-latifolia-tracyi complex of Pityopsis graminifolia. An alternative treatment would be to combine all three in a single variety including a polyploid series, under the name var. tenuifolia.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Pityopsis flexuosa is known only from the vicinity of Tallahassee.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Involucres (8–)9–14 mm; disc florets 30+ (tetraploids and hexaploids) | → 2 |
1. Involucres 5–8 mm (Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana; involucres of var. tenuifolia can be 9–10 mm); disc florets 15–29 (diploids) | → 3 |
2. Involucres 8–12 mm; ray florets 10–16; disc corolla throats and lobes glabrous or proximal throats sparsely short-pilose | var. latifolia |
2. Involucres 12–14 mm; ray florets 13–25; disc corolla throats and lobes sometimes sparsely to moderately long-pilose | var. tracyi |
3. Distal cauline leaves, greatly overlapping, lanceolate to ovate, little reduced distally | var. aequilifolia |
3. Distal cauline leaves slightly overlapping, linear-lanceolate, reduced distally | → 4 |
4. Inner phyllaries densely stipitate-glandular apically, sparsely to moderately sericeous proximally (outer coastal plain, Louisiana to North Carolina) | var. graminifolia |
4. Inner phyllaries sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular, usually sparsely to moderately, rarely densely sericeous throughout (Arkansas and Texas to North Carolina and s Florida) | var. tenuifolia |
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