Pithecellobium keyense |
Pithecellobium |
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Florida keys blackbead, rams horn |
blackbead |
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Habit | Trees, to 6(–7) m, unarmed. | Shrubs or trees, armed, stipules spiny (except P. keyense). | ||||||||
Stems | , branches, and twigs densely covered with conspicuous lenticels, glabrescent; short shoots absent. |
and twigs spreading, glabrous or hairy, without resting buds, with or without short shoots (brachyblasts), bark smooth to rough, crown usually rounded. |
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Leaves | stipules to 1 mm, not spiny, caducous, hard, triangular-subulate, glabrous; petiole 0.4–1.5(–2) cm, shorter than rachis, subglabrous; pinnae 2(or 4), rachis 8–13 mm; leaflets 2 per pinna, blades obovate to oblanceolate-elliptic, 3–8.5(–9) × 1.5–5(–7) cm, base oblique, margins entire, usually revolute, apex rounded with a very small mucro, brochidodromous venation conspicuous on both surfaces, main vein subcentral, surfaces glabrous. |
alternate, even-bipinnate, not sensitive to touch; stipules present; petiolate; pinnae 2(or 4), opposite, extrafloral nectaries present between pinnae and leaflets; leaflets 2, opposite, blade margins entire, surfaces glabrous or glabrescent. |
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Inflorescences | pedunculate, 15–50+-flowered, axillary, heads or spikes, forming pseudoracemes; bracts absent or present, glandular. |
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Peduncles | primary peduncle flattened, axis to 7 cm, glabrescent, secondary peduncles (2.5–)4.5–6 cm, glabrous; bract absent. |
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Flowers | calyx campanulate or tubular, 1.5–2 mm, lobes 0.5 mm, glabrescent; corolla campanulate or funnelform, to 5.5 mm, lobes 4 or 5; stamens white, dirty cream, or pink, tube to 3–3.5 mm; ovary 1–1.5 mm, glabrous, stipe to 1.5 mm. |
mimosoid, sessile, valvate; calyx greenish, campanulate or tubular, lobes 5 or 6, calyx and corolla connate; corolla greenish; stamens 15+, monadelphous, connate proximally into a tube, filaments white or pinkish; anthers dorsifixed. |
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Fruits | legumes, sessile or stipitate, turgid, recurved to coiled, oblong, without thickened margins, dehiscent, leathery, rugose to reticulate, hairy or glabrous; ± constricted between seeds. |
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Legumes | slightly recurved to 1-coiled (especially at dehiscence), slightly constricted between seeds, 8–20 × 1–1.5 cm, margin not evident, base attenuate, apex cuspidate without beak, glabrous, veins faint; without stipe. |
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Heads | on secondary peduncles 15–30-flowered, sometimes elongated. |
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Seeds | 6–12, usually not pendulous, 6–9 × 5–6 mm; aril red, covering proximal 1/3 of seed. |
5–12[–16], elliptic to ovate or obovate in outline, strongly biconvex; aril present. |
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Bracteoles | triangular, 0.8 mm, puberulous abaxially. |
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x | = 13. |
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2n | = 26. |
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Pithecellobium keyense |
Pithecellobium |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | |||||||||
Habitat | Coastal thickets. | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
FL; West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Turks and Caicos Islands); Central America (Belize)
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Mexico; Central America; s United States; West Indies; n South America [Introduced in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands (Guam, Hawaii, Philippines)] |
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Discussion | Pithecellobium keyense is known from southern Florida in Broward, Martin, Miami-Dade, and Monroe counties where it is restricted to coastal areas. The species is usually five-merous, but some corollas are four-lobed. Of the three North American Pithecellobium species, P. keyense has the fewest stamens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 20 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (Mimosoid clade) > Pithecellobium | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (Mimosoid clade) | ||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Name authority | Britton in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 23: 22. (1928) | Martius: Flora 20(2,Beibl.): 114. (1837) — (as Pithecollobium), name and orthography conserved | ||||||||
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