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Florida keys blackbead, rams horn

blackbead

Habit Trees, to 6(–7) m, unarmed. Shrubs or trees, armed, stipules spiny (except P. keyense).
Stems

, branches, and twigs densely covered with conspicuous lenticels, glabrescent; short shoots absent.

and twigs spreading, glabrous or hairy, without resting buds, with or without short shoots (brachyblasts), bark smooth to rough, crown usually rounded.

Leaves

stipules to 1 mm, not spiny, caducous, hard, triangular-subulate, glabrous;

petiole 0.4–1.5(–2) cm, shorter than rachis, subglabrous;

pinnae 2(or 4), rachis 8–13 mm;

leaflets 2 per pinna, blades obovate to oblanceolate-elliptic, 3–8.5(–9) × 1.5–5(–7) cm, base oblique, margins entire, usually revolute, apex rounded with a very small mucro, brochidodromous venation conspicuous on both surfaces, main vein subcentral, surfaces glabrous.

alternate, even-bipinnate, not sensitive to touch;

stipules present; petiolate;

pinnae 2(or 4), opposite, extrafloral nectaries present between pinnae and leaflets;

leaflets 2, opposite, blade margins entire, surfaces glabrous or glabrescent.

Inflorescences

pedunculate, 15–50+-flowered, axillary, heads or spikes, forming pseudoracemes;

bracts absent or present, glandular.

Peduncles

primary peduncle flattened, axis to 7 cm, glabrescent, secondary peduncles (2.5–)4.5–6 cm, glabrous;

bract absent.

Flowers

calyx campanulate or tubular, 1.5–2 mm, lobes 0.5 mm, glabrescent;

corolla campanulate or funnelform, to 5.5 mm, lobes 4 or 5;

stamens white, dirty cream, or pink, tube to 3–3.5 mm;

ovary 1–1.5 mm, glabrous, stipe to 1.5 mm.

mimosoid, sessile, valvate;

calyx greenish, campanulate or tubular, lobes 5 or 6, calyx and corolla connate;

corolla greenish;

stamens 15+, monadelphous, connate proximally into a tube, filaments white or pinkish;

anthers dorsifixed.

Fruits

legumes, sessile or stipitate, turgid, recurved to coiled, oblong, without thickened margins, dehiscent, leathery, rugose to reticulate, hairy or glabrous; ± constricted between seeds.

Legumes

slightly recurved to 1-coiled (especially at dehiscence), slightly constricted between seeds, 8–20 × 1–1.5 cm, margin not evident, base attenuate, apex cuspidate without beak, glabrous, veins faint;

without stipe.

Heads

on secondary peduncles 15–30-flowered, sometimes elongated.

Seeds

6–12, usually not pendulous, 6–9 × 5–6 mm;

aril red, covering proximal 1/3 of seed.

5–12[–16], elliptic to ovate or obovate in outline, strongly biconvex;

aril present.

Bracteoles

triangular, 0.8 mm, puberulous abaxially.

x

= 13.

2n

= 26.

Pithecellobium keyense

Pithecellobium

Phenology Flowering spring.
Habitat Coastal thickets.
Elevation 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Turks and Caicos Islands); Central America (Belize)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Mexico; Central America; s United States; West Indies; n South America [Introduced in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands (Guam, Hawaii, Philippines)]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pithecellobium keyense is known from southern Florida in Broward, Martin, Miami-Dade, and Monroe counties where it is restricted to coastal areas. The species is usually five-merous, but some corollas are four-lobed. Of the three North American Pithecellobium species, P. keyense has the fewest stamens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 20 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stem nodes with conspicuous short shoots; peduncles pubescent, less than 2 cm; aril white or pinkish, covering nearly all of seed.
P. dulce
1. Stem nodes without short shoots; peduncles glabrescent or glabrous, (1.5–)1.8–7 cm; aril white or red, covering proximal 1/3 of seed.
→ 2
2. Trees, unarmed; peduncles flattened; petioles shorter than rachises; aril red.
P. keyense
2. Shrubs or trees, armed; peduncles not flattened; petioles longer than rachises; aril white.
P. unguis-cati
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11. Author: María de Lourdes Rico-Arce.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (Mimosoid clade) > Pithecellobium Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (Mimosoid clade)
Sibling taxa
P. dulce, P. unguis-cati
Subordinate taxa
P. dulce, P. keyense, P. unguis-cati
Name authority Britton in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 23: 22. (1928) Martius: Flora 20(2,Beibl.): 114. (1837) — (as Pithecollobium), name and orthography conserved
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