Piptochaetium stipoides |
Piptochaetium pringlei |
|
---|---|---|
purple spear grass, stipoid ricegrass |
Pringle needlegrass, Pringle speargrass, Pringle's spear grass |
|
Culms | 20-60 cm, erect to ascending; nodes 2-4, dark, glabrous. |
50-125 cm, mostly glabrous, pubescent below the nodes; nodes 2-3, dark, 1 glabrous or slightly pubescent. |
Sheaths | glabrous or hispidulous towards the collar; ligules 0.8-2 mm, glabrous, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, margins occasionally ciliate; blades (5)14-30 cm long, 0.2-0.4 mm wide, linear, glabrous or villous, margins scabridulous. |
smooth to scabridulous; ligules of basal leaves 0.5-2.8 mm, truncate to rounded, of upper leaves 1-3.5 mm, rounded to acute; blades 10-30 cm long, 1-3.5 mm wide, 3-5-veined, abaxial surfaces glabrous, smooth, adaxial surfaces smooth or scabrous over the veins, margins smooth or scabrous. |
Panicles | 4-15 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, with 10-70 spikelets; branches ascending, scabridulous; pedicels 1-11 mm, hispid. |
6-20 cm, open, with 10-25 spikelets; branches ascending, flexuous; pedicels to 1 mm, flattened, hispid. |
Glumes | subequal, 4-8.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, purple towards the base, glabrous, 5-veined, apices aristulate; florets 2.3-4(5) mm long, 0.8-2.3 mm thick, obovoid, globose to laterally compressed; calluses 0.5-0.6 mm, blunt, hairs white to golden tan; lemmas shiny, glabrous, striate, dark brown to black at maturity, wholly smooth to conspicuously verrucose or sharply papillose, at least distally, constricted below the crown; crowns well-developed, 0.6-1.6 mm wide, distal margins slightly to strongly revolute, inner surfaces densely covered with hooks and hairs; awns 15-25 mm, eccentric, twice-geniculate, tardily deciduous; paleas 2.5-5 mm; lodicules 2, linear; anthers about 0.5 mm. |
subequal, 9-12 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide; lower glumes 5-7-veined; upper glumes 7-veined; florets 6.5-10 mm long, 1.5-2.1 mm thick, terete to somewhat laterally compressed; calluses 0.6-1.9 mm, blunt to acute, strigose; lemmas golden brown to dark brown at maturity, shiny or not, smooth to spiny-tuberculate distally or for almost their entire length, pubescent, hairs tawny to golden brown, evenly distributed or somewhat more abundant on the basal 1/2, apices tapering to the crown; crowns 0.5-0.6 mm, inconspicuous, straight, hairy, hairs 0.5-1 mm; awns 19-27(35) mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, sometimes inconspicuously so; paleas 6.3-9.5 mm; lodicules 2, 1-1.5 mm, acute; anthers 3.5-5.5 mm, sometimes penicillate. |
Caryopses | 1.5-2.5 mm, spherical to ellipsoid. |
about 7 mm, fusiform. |
2n | = unknown. |
= 42. |
Piptochaetium stipoides |
Piptochaetium pringlei |
|
Distribution |
CA
|
AZ; NM; TX
|
Discussion | Piptochaetium stipoides is native to South America. There is one known population in the Flora region, in Marin County, California, which grows with P. setosum in a meadow adjacent to an old dirt road. The origin of the population is not known; it has been suggested that the seeds might have been brought in by birds, as the area was a bird refuge at one time. The Californian plants belong to Piptochaetium stipoides (Trin. & Rupr.) Hack. var. stipoides, which differs from the only other variety recognized by Cialdella and Arriaga (1998), P. stipoides var. echinulatum Parodi, in having lemmas that are mostly smooth as well as a less revolute crown. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Piptochaetium pringlei grows in oak woodlands, often on rocky soils, in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It is often confused with P. fimbriatum; it differs from that species in having longer florets and sharper calluses. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 166. | FNA vol. 24, p. 162. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Piptochaetium | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Piptochaetium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. stipoides var. purpurascens | Stipa pringlei |
Name authority | (Trin. & Rupr.) Hack. | (Beal) Parodi |
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