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smilo grass

Habit Plants loosely cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

40-150 cm, glabrous, often branching at the lower cauline nodes;

basal branching extravaginal.

Leaves

not basally concentrated;

sheaths glabrous, persistent;

ligules of lower leaves 0.5-1.5 mm, truncate;

ligules of upper leaves 1.5-4 mm, rounded to sharply acute;

blades 5-30 cm long, 2-10 mm wide, flat, smooth on both surfaces.

Panicles

10-40 cm, lax, lower nodes either with 3-7 branches bearing 10-40 functional spikelets, or with 15-30+ branches with no functional spikelets;

primary branches spreading to ascending;

lower branches 3-8 cm;

secondary branches diverging from the primary branches.

Glumes

2.5-3.5 mm, acuminate, 3-veined;

florets 1.5-2 mm, dorsally compressed;

calluses about 0.3 mm, glabrous, disarticulation scars circular;

lemmas stiffly membranous, glabrous, margins fused at the base, not overlapping, light brown at maturity;

awns 3-4 mm;

anthers 2-2.5 mm, penicillate;

ovaries rounded, bearing two styles.

Caryopses

1.5-1.7 mm long, about 0.8 mm thick;

hila linear, about 1/2 as long as the caryopses.

2n

= 24.

Piptatherum miliaceum

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; ID; MD; NJ; NV; PA; UT
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Discussion

Piptatherum miliaceum is a Eurasian introduction that is now established in several parts of the world. In its native range it grows, often as a common species, primarily in disturbed areas, wadis, and oases, penetrating into the semidesert regions of northern Africa and western Asia. It is used as a fodder plant in northern Africa. Within the Flora region, P. miliaceum is known from Arizona and California, growing in disturbed sites. It has also been found on a ballast dump in Maryland.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Panicle branches loosely whorled, lower nodes with 3-7 branches, all spikelet-bearing
subsp. miliaceum
1. Panicle branches densely whorled, lower nodes with 15-30+ branches, some with highly reduced or no spikelets
subsp. thomasii
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 151.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Piptatherum
Sibling taxa
P. canadense, P. exiguum, P. micranthum, P. pungens, P. racemosum, P. shoshoneanum
Subordinate taxa
P. miliaceum subsp. miliaceum, P. miliaceum subsp. thomasii
Synonyms Oryzopsis miliacea
Name authority (L.) Coss.
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