Piptatherum canadense |
Piptatherum shoshoneanum |
|
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Canada mountain-rice grass, Canadian piptatherum, Canadian ricegrass, oryzopsis du Canada |
Shoshone piptatherum |
|
Habit | Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous. | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. |
Culms | 30-90 cm, glabrous; basal branching mostly intravaginal. |
20-50 cm, internodes smooth to scabridulous; nodes glabrate; basal branching intravaginal. |
Leaves | basally concentrated; sheaths smooth or scabridulous; ligules 1-4 mm, hyaline, truncate, rounded, or acute; basal blades 4-15 cm long, 1-1.5 mm wide when flat, 0.5-0.8 mm in diameter when folded or convolute. |
basally concentrated; ligules 1.8-5.5 mm, hyaline, acute, often lacerate; blades 4-16 cm long, 1-2.5 mm wide when flat, 0.6-1 mm in diameter when involute, abaxial surfaces smooth or scabridulous, adaxial surfaces scabridulous. |
Panicles | 9-15 cm, lower nodes with 1-2 branches; branches 1-6 cm, somewhat flexuous, ascending to divergent. |
3.3-22 cm, lower nodes with 1-2(4) branches; branches 1.8-11.6 cm, flexuous, initially appressed, becoming strongly divergent to reflexed, secondary and tertiary branches appressed to the primary branches. |
Glumes | subequal, 3-6 mm long, 1.3-2 mm wide, ovate, 1-3-veined, apices acute to mucronate; florets 2.2-4.5 mm, obovoid, dorsally compressed; calluses 0.2-0.5 mm, hairy, disarticulation scars elliptic; lemmas coriaceous, evenly pubescent, tan at maturity, margins widely separated even when immature; awns 5-15 mm, persistent, once- or twice-geniculate, first segments strongly twisted; paleas similar to the lemmas in length, texture, and pubescence; anthers 1-2 mm; ovaries developing 2 conelike style bases, each bearing a single, unbranched style. |
subequal, 3.2-5.3 mm, exceeding the florets by 0.2-1.5 mm, ovate to broadly lanceolate, 1-9-veined, apices acute to acuminate; florets 2.4-4.1 mm, dorsally compressed; calluses about 0.3 mm, hairy, disarticulation scars round; lemmas coriaceous, evenly pubescent, hairs to 0.5 mm, becoming tawny with age, margins not overlapping at maturity; awns 1-2.5 mm, straight or slightly arcuate, caducous; paleas 2.1-3.6 mm, similar to the lemmas in texture and pubescence; anthers 1.7-2.2 mm, penicillate; ovaries truncate, bearing 2 styles. |
Caryopses | about 2.5 mm long, 0.5 mm thick; hila linear, almost equaling the caryopses. |
1.8-2 mm long, about 0.8 mm thick; hila linear, about 9/10 the length of the caryopses. |
2n | = 22. |
= 20. |
Piptatherum canadense |
Piptatherum shoshoneanum |
|
Distribution | ||
Discussion | Piptatherum canadense grows in grasslands and open woods, from the British Columbia-Alberta border east to Newfoundland, extending south into the Great Lakes region and the northeastern United States. Its persistent, longer awns distinguish P. canadense from P. pungens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Piptatherum shoshoneanum is known best from eastern Idaho, where it grows in the canyons of the Middle Fork of the Salmon River and its tributaries. It has also been found 750 km to the southwest in the Belted Range of southwestern Nevada. So far, fieldwork on the intervening mountain ranges has not revealed additional populations. It usually grows in moist crevices of igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary cliffs and rock walls. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 146. | FNA vol. 24. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Piptatherum | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Piptatherum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Oryzopsis canadensis | |
Name authority | (Poir.) Dorn | (Curto & Douglass M. Hend.) P.M. Peterson & Soreng |
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