Flora of North America species comparison

red-brown, irregularly furrowed and cross-checked into rectangular, flat, scaly plates.

purple-brown to dark brown, shallowly and narrowly fissured, with irregular, flat, loose-scaly plates, on upper sections of trunk nearly smooth.

spreading to ascending;

twigs stout, orange- to yellow-orange, frequently glaucous, aging darker.

ascending;

twigs slender, red-brown.

ovoid to narrowly ovoid, red-brown, 1–1.5(–2)cm, resinous.

ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, dark red-brown, aging darker, ca. 1.5cm, resinous;

scale margins fringed, apex attenuate.

3 per fascicle (to 5 in adventitious or disturbed growth), spreading to ascending, persisting 2–3 years, (12–)15–20(–21)cm × 1.3–1.5(–2)mm, slightly twisted, tufted at twig tips, straight, yellow-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex acuminate;

sheath 1–2cm, base persistent.

3 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 4–5 years, (8–)9–15(–20)cm × (1–)1.3–1.8mm, straight or slightly curved, twisted, yellow-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex abruptly conic-subulate;

sheath (1–)1.5–2cm, base persistent.

cylindric, to 30mm, yellow-brown.

ellipsoid-cylindric, 10–15mm, orange-brown.

cones maturing in 2 years, in some populations beginning to shed seeds then but more often variably serotinous, long-persistent, often whorled, symmetric, ovoid to lanceoloid before opening, broadly ovoid to nearly globose when open, 5–8cm, pale red-brown to creamy brown, sessile or on stalks to 1cm, scales with dark red-brown border on adaxial surface distally;

apophyses slightly thickened, low, rhombic, low cross-keeled;

umbo central, low-conic, with short, weak prickle, sometimes unarmed.

cones maturing in 2 years, serotinous, long-persistent, remaining closed for 20 years or more, or opening on burning, in whorls, hard and heavy, very asymmetric, lanceoloid before opening, ovoid-cylindric when open, 8–15cm, yellow- or pale red-brown, stalks to 1cm;

apophyses toward outside base increasingly elongate, mammillate or raised-angled-conic, downcurved near base, scarcely raised on branchlet side, rhombic;

umbo central, low-pyramidal, sharp, upcurved.

=24.

=24.