Flora of North America species comparison

red-brown, irregularly furrowed and cross-checked into rectangular, flat, scaly plates.

pale gray, from distance appearing whitish to light gray and smooth, in age separating into thin plates.

spreading to ascending;

twigs stout, orange- to yellow-orange, frequently glaucous, aging darker.

spreading to ascending, often persistent to trunk base;

twigs stout, pale red-brown, with light brown, often glandular puberulence, somewhat roughened by elevated scars, aging gray to pale gray-brown.

ovoid to narrowly ovoid, red-brown, 1–1.5(–2)cm, resinous.

ovoid, light red-brown, 0.8–1cm;

scale margins entire.

3 per fascicle (to 5 in adventitious or disturbed growth), spreading to ascending, persisting 2–3 years, (12–)15–20(–21)cm × 1.3–1.5(–2)mm, slightly twisted, tufted at twig tips, straight, yellow-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex acuminate;

sheath 1–2cm, base persistent.

5 per fascicle, mostly ascending and upcurved, persisting 5–8 years, 3–7cm × 1–1.5(–2)mm, mostly connivent, deep yellow-green, abaxial surface less so, adaxial surface conspicuously whitened by stomates, margins rounded, minutely serrulate distally, apex conic-acute;

sheath 0.8–1.2cm, shed early.

cylindric, to 30mm, yellow-brown.

cylindro-ovoid, ca. 10–15mm, scarlet.

cones maturing in 2 years, in some populations beginning to shed seeds then but more often variably serotinous, long-persistent, often whorled, symmetric, ovoid to lanceoloid before opening, broadly ovoid to nearly globose when open, 5–8cm, pale red-brown to creamy brown, sessile or on stalks to 1cm, scales with dark red-brown border on adaxial surface distally;

apophyses slightly thickened, low, rhombic, low cross-keeled;

umbo central, low-conic, with short, weak prickle, sometimes unarmed.

cones remaining on tree (unless dislodged by animals), not opening naturally but through animal agency, spreading, symmetric, broadly ovoid to depressed-ovoid or nearly globose, 4–8cm, dull gray- to black-purple, sessile to short-stalked;

scales thin-based and easily broken off;

apophyses much thickened, strongly cross-keeled, tip upcurved, brown;

umbo terminal, short, incurved, broadly triangular, tip acute.

=24.

=24.