Pinus rigida |
Pinus muricata |
|
---|---|---|
pin rigide, pitch pine |
Bishop pine |
|
Habit | Trees to 31m; trunk to 0.9m diam., straight or crooked, commonly with adventitious sprouts; crown rounded or irregular. | Trees to 24m; trunk to 0.9m diam., straight to contorted; crown becoming rounded, flattened, or irregular. |
Bark | red-brown, deeply and irregularly furrowed, with long, irregularly rectangular, flat, scaly ridges, resin pockets absent. |
dark gray, deeply furrowed, ridges long, scaly-plated. |
Branches | arching-spreading to ascending, poorly self-pruning; 2-year-old branchlets stout (mostly over 5mm thick), orange-brown, aging darker brown, rough. |
spreading-ascending, often contorted; twigs stout to slender, orange-brown, aging darker brown, rough. |
Buds | ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, red-brown, ca. 1–1.5cm, resinous; scale margins fringed, apex cuspidate. |
ovoid-cylindric, dark brown, 1–2.5cm, resinous. |
Leaves | 3(–5) per fascicle, spreading to ascending, persisting 2–3 years, 5–10(–15)cm × 1–1.5(–2)mm, straight, twisted, deep to pale yellow-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex abruptly subulate-acuminate; sheath 0.9–1.2cm, base persistent. |
2 per fascicle, spreading to upcurved, persisting 2–3 years, 8–15cm × (1.2–)1.5(–2)mm, slightly twisted, dark yellow-green, all surfaces with stomatal lines, margins strongly serrulate, apex abruptly conic-acute; sheath to 1.5cm, base persistent. |
Pollen cones | cylindric, ca. 20mm, yellow. |
ellipsoid, to 5mm, orange. |
Seed(s) | cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter or variously serotinous and long-persistent, often clustered, symmetric, conic to ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid with flat or slightly convex base when open, 3–9cm, creamy brown to light red-brown, sessile to short-stalked, base truncate, scales firm, with dark red-brown border on adaxial surface distally; apophyses slightly raised, rhombic, with strong transverse keels; umbo central, low-triangular, with slender, downcurved prickle. |
cones maturing in 3 years, serotinous, long-persistent, mostly in whorls, mostly asymmetric, lanceoloid-ovoid before opening, curved-ovoid when open, 4–9cm, glossy bright to pale red-brown, sessile or on stalks to 1cm, mostly downcurved, scales with deep red-brown border distally on adaxial surface; apophyses much thickened, the abaxial ones progressively more angulately dome-shaped toward base of cone; umbo central, a stout-based, curved claw. |
2n | =24. |
=24. |
Pinus rigida |
Pinus muricata |
|
Habitat | Upland or lowland, sterile, dry to boggy soils | Dry ridges to coastal, windshorn forests, often in or around bogs |
Elevation | 0–1400m (0–4600ft) | 0–300m (0–1000ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; GA; KY; MA; MD; ME; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; ON; QC
|
CA; Mexico in Baja California
|
Discussion | Pinus rigida often has poor form and is not valued highly as saw timber. It is fire successional, sprouts adventitiously, and is frequently shrubby in the northern part of its range. It is known to hybridize naturally with P. echinata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The several varieties described for Pinus muricata reflect the high variability in leaf characters and in degree of elaboration of apophysis and umbo in this species. The extremes can sometimes occur together. Of conservation concern. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Pinaceae > Pinus | Pinaceae > Pinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. muricata var. borealis, P. muricata var. cedrosensis, P. muricata var. stantonii, P. radiata var. binata, P. remorata | |
Name authority | Miller: Gard. Dict., ed. 8 Pinus no. 10. (1768) | D. Don: Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 17: 441. (1836) |
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