Pinus quadrifolia |
Pinus ponderosa |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
four-needle pinyon, nut pine, Parry pine, Parry pinyon, Parry pinyon pine, piñón, piñón de California |
bull pine, pin à bois lourd, pinabete, pino real, ponderosa pine, western yellow pine, yellow pine |
|||||||||
Habit | Trees to 10m; trunk to 0.5m diam., straight, much branched; crown dense, becoming rounded. | Trees to 72m; trunk to 2.5m diam., straight; crown broadly conic to rounded. | ||||||||
Bark | red-brown, irregularly furrowed and cross-checked to irregularly rectangular, plates scaly. |
yellow- to red-brown, deeply irregularly furrowed, cross-checked into broadly rectangular, scaly plates. |
||||||||
Branches | spreading to ascending, persistent to trunk base; twigs slender, pale orange-brown, puberulent-glandular, aging brown to gray-brown. |
descending to spreading-ascending; twigs stout (to 2cm thick), orange-brown, aging darker orange-brown, rough. |
||||||||
Buds | ovoid, light red-brown, ca. 0.4–0.5cm, slightly resinous. |
ovoid, to 2cm, fully 1cm broad, red-brown, very resinous; scale margins white-fringed. |
||||||||
Leaves | (3–)4(–5) per fascicle, persisting 3–4 years, (2–)3–6cm × (1–)1.2–1.7mm, curved, connivent, stiff, green to blue-green, margins entire to minutely scaly-denticulate, finely serrulate, apex subulate, adaxial surfaces mostly strongly whitened with stomatal bands, abaxial surface not so but 2 subepidermal resin bands evident; sheath 0.5–0.6cm, scales soon recurved, forming rosette, shed early. |
2–5 per fascicle, spreading to erect, persisting (2–)4–6(–7) years, 7–25(–30)cm × (1–)1.2–2mm, slightly twisted, tufted at twig tips, pliant, deep yellow-green, all surfaces with evident stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex abruptly to narrowly acute or acuminate; sheath 1.5–3cm, base persistent. |
||||||||
Pollen cones | ovoid, ca. 10mm, yellowish. |
ellipsoid-cylindric, 1.5–3.5cm, yellow or red. |
||||||||
Seed(s) | cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds and falling soon thereafter, spreading, symmetric, ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid to depressed-globose when open, (3–)4–8(–10)cm, pale yellow-brown, sessile to short-stalked, apophyses thickened, strongly raised, diamond-shaped, transversely keeled, umbo subcentral, low-pyramidal or sunken, blunt. |
cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter, leaving rosettes of scales on branchlets, solitary or rarely in pairs, spreading to reflexed, symmetric to slightly asymmetric, conic-ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid when open, 5–15cm, mostly reddish brown, sessile to nearly sessile, scales in steep spirals (as compared to Pinus jeffreyi) of 5–7 per row as viewed from side, those of cones just prior to and after cone fall spreading and reflexed, thus well separate from adjacent scales; apophyses dull to lustrous, thickened and variously raised and transversely keeled; umbo central, usually pyramidal to truncated, rarely depressed, merely acute, or with a very short apiculus, or with a stout-based spur or prickle. |
||||||||
Pinus quadrifolia |
Pinus ponderosa |
|||||||||
Habitat | Dry rocky sites | |||||||||
Elevation | 1200–1800m (3900–5900ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
CA; Mexico in Baja California
|
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico
|
||||||||
Discussion | Pinus quadrifolia is the rarest pinyon in the flora. It hybridizes naturally with P. monophylla. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pinus ponderosa is the most economically important western yellow pine. Its wood is more similar in character to the white pines, and it is often referred to as white pine. The taxonomy of this complex is far from resolved. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) is the state tree of Montana. Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Pinaceae > Pinus | Pinaceae > Pinus | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | P. cembroides var. parryana, P. juarezensis, P. parryana | |||||||||
Name authority | Parlatore ex Sudworth: U.S.D.A. Div. Forest. Bull. 14: 17. (1897) | Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson: Agric. Man. 354. (1836) | ||||||||
Web links |
|