Pinus quadrifolia |
Pinus banksiana |
|
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four-needle pinyon, nut pine, Parry pine, Parry pinyon, Parry pinyon pine, piñón, piñón de California |
Jack pine, pin gris, scrub pine |
|
Habit | Trees to 10m; trunk to 0.5m diam., straight, much branched; crown dense, becoming rounded. | Trees to 27m; trunk to 0.6m diam., straight to crooked; crown becoming irregularly rounded or spreading and flattened. |
Bark | red-brown, irregularly furrowed and cross-checked to irregularly rectangular, plates scaly. |
orange- to red-brown, scaly. |
Branches | spreading to ascending, persistent to trunk base; twigs slender, pale orange-brown, puberulent-glandular, aging brown to gray-brown. |
descending to spreading-ascending, poorly self-pruning; twigs slender, orange-red to red-brown, aging gray-brown, rough. |
Buds | ovoid, light red-brown, ca. 0.4–0.5cm, slightly resinous. |
ovoid, red-brown, 0.5–1cm, resinous; scale margins nearly entire. |
Leaves | (3–)4(–5) per fascicle, persisting 3–4 years, (2–)3–6cm × (1–)1.2–1.7mm, curved, connivent, stiff, green to blue-green, margins entire to minutely scaly-denticulate, finely serrulate, apex subulate, adaxial surfaces mostly strongly whitened with stomatal bands, abaxial surface not so but 2 subepidermal resin bands evident; sheath 0.5–0.6cm, scales soon recurved, forming rosette, shed early. |
2 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 2–3 years, 2–5cm × 1–1.5(–2)mm, twisted, yellow-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins finely serrulate, apex acute to short-subulate; sheath 0.3–0.6cm, semipersistent. |
Pollen cones | ovoid, ca. 10mm, yellowish. |
cylindric, 10–15mm, yellow to orange-brown. |
Seed(s) | cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds and falling soon thereafter, spreading, symmetric, ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid to depressed-globose when open, (3–)4–8(–10)cm, pale yellow-brown, sessile to short-stalked, apophyses thickened, strongly raised, diamond-shaped, transversely keeled, umbo subcentral, low-pyramidal or sunken, blunt. |
cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter or often long-serotinous and shedding seeds only through age or fire, upcurved, asymmetric, lanceoloid before opening, ovoid when open, 3–5.5cm, tan to light brown or greenish yellow, slick, nearly sessile or short-stalked, most apophyses depressed but increasingly mammillate toward outer cone base; umbo central, depressed, small, sunken centrally, unarmed or with a small, reflexed apiculus. |
2n | =24. |
|
Pinus quadrifolia |
Pinus banksiana |
|
Habitat | Dry rocky sites | Fire successional in boreal forests, tundra transition, dry flats, and hills, sandy soils |
Elevation | 1200–1800m (3900–5900ft) | 0–800m (0–2600ft) |
Distribution |
CA; Mexico in Baja California
|
IL; IN; ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; PA; VT; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK
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Discussion | Pinus quadrifolia is the rarest pinyon in the flora. It hybridizes naturally with P. monophylla. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pinus banksiana reaches its largest size and best form in Canada. In western Alberta and in northeastern British Columbia, it is sympatric with P. contorta and forms hybrid swarms with that species. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) is the territorial tree of the Northwest Territories. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Pinaceae > Pinus | Pinaceae > Pinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. cembroides var. parryana, P. juarezensis, P. parryana | P. divaricata, P. sylvestris var. divaricata |
Name authority | Parlatore ex Sudworth: U.S.D.A. Div. Forest. Bull. 14: 17. (1897) | Lambert: Descr. Pinus 1: 7, plate 3. (1803) |
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