Flora of North America species comparison

yellow- to red-brown, deeply irregularly furrowed, cross-checked into broadly rectangular, scaly plates.

red-brown to purple-red, deeply furrowed with irregular, elongate, flat, scaly ridges.

descending to spreading-ascending;

twigs stout (to 2cm thick), orange-brown, aging darker orange-brown, rough.

irregular, spreading-ascending, candelabralike;

twigs stout (1–2cm thick), greenish, aging deep gray-brown to near black, rough.

ovoid, to 2cm, fully 1cm broad, red-brown, very resinous;

scale margins white-fringed.

conic-ovoid, pale brown, to 2.5cm;

scale margins white-fringed.

2–5 per fascicle, spreading to erect, persisting (2–)4–6(–7) years, 7–25(–30)cm × (1–)1.2–2mm, slightly twisted, tufted at twig tips, pliant, deep yellow-green, all surfaces with evident stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex abruptly to narrowly acute or acuminate;

sheath 1.5–3cm, base persistent.

mostly 5 per fascicle, ascending or spreading, persisting 3–4 years, 15–30cm × ca. 2mm, straight or curved, slightly twisted, dull gray-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex abruptly acute;

sheath to 2cm, shed early, base persistent.

ellipsoid-cylindric, 1.5–3.5cm, yellow or red.

ovoid, 20–30mm, yellow.

cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter, leaving rosettes of scales on branchlets, solitary or rarely in pairs, spreading to reflexed, symmetric to slightly asymmetric, conic-ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid when open, 5–15cm, mostly reddish brown, sessile to nearly sessile, scales in steep spirals (as compared to Pinus jeffreyi) of 5–7 per row as viewed from side, those of cones just prior to and after cone fall spreading and reflexed, thus well separate from adjacent scales;

apophyses dull to lustrous, thickened and variously raised and transversely keeled;

umbo central, usually pyramidal to truncated, rarely depressed, merely acute, or with a very short apiculus, or with a stout-based spur or prickle.

cones maturing in 3 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter, persisting to 5 years, lateral, massive, heavy, symmetric, ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid when open, 10–15cm, yellow- to red-brown, lustrous, stalks to 4cm;

apophyses thick, angulately dome-shaped, with 5 low convergent keels;

umbo central, forming short, curved-tipped pyramid.