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piñón, single leaf pinyon, single-leaf pine, singleleaf pinyon pine

bull pine, pin à bois lourd, pinabete, pino real, ponderosa pine, western yellow pine, yellow pine

Habit Trees to 14m; trunk to 0.5m diam., strongly tapering, much branched; crown usually rounded, dense. Trees to 72m; trunk to 2.5m diam., straight; crown broadly conic to rounded.
Bark

red-brown, irregularly furrowed or cross-checked, scaly.

yellow- to red-brown, deeply irregularly furrowed, cross-checked into broadly rectangular, scaly plates.

Branches

spreading and ascending, persistent to near trunk base;

twigs stout, orange-brown, aging brown to gray, sometimes sparsely puberulent.

descending to spreading-ascending;

twigs stout (to 2cm thick), orange-brown, aging darker orange-brown, rough.

Buds

ellipsoid, light red-brown, 0.5–0.7cm, resinous;

scale margins fringed.

ovoid, to 2cm, fully 1cm broad, red-brown, very resinous;

scale margins white-fringed.

Leaves

1(–2) per fascicle, ascending, persisting 4–6(–10) years, 2–6cm × 1.3–2(–2.5)mm, curved, terete (though often 2-grooved), gray-green, all surfaces with stomatal lines, margins entire, apex subulate;

sheath 0.5–1cm, scales soon recurved, forming rosette, shed early.

2–5 per fascicle, spreading to erect, persisting (2–)4–6(–7) years, 7–25(–30)cm × (1–)1.2–2mm, slightly twisted, tufted at twig tips, pliant, deep yellow-green, all surfaces with evident stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex abruptly to narrowly acute or acuminate;

sheath 1.5–3cm, base persistent.

Pollen cones

ellipsoid, ca. 10mm, yellow.

ellipsoid-cylindric, 1.5–3.5cm, yellow or red.

Seed(s)

cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds and falling soon thereafter, spreading, symmetric, ovoid before opening, broadly depressed-ovoid to nearly globose when open, 4–6(–8)cm, pale yellow-brown, nearly sessile;

apophyses thickened, slightly raised;

umbo subcentral, raised or depressed, nearly truncate, apiculate.

cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter, leaving rosettes of scales on branchlets, solitary or rarely in pairs, spreading to reflexed, symmetric to slightly asymmetric, conic-ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid when open, 5–15cm, mostly reddish brown, sessile to nearly sessile, scales in steep spirals (as compared to Pinus jeffreyi) of 5–7 per row as viewed from side, those of cones just prior to and after cone fall spreading and reflexed, thus well separate from adjacent scales;

apophyses dull to lustrous, thickened and variously raised and transversely keeled;

umbo central, usually pyramidal to truncated, rarely depressed, merely acute, or with a very short apiculus, or with a stout-based spur or prickle.

2n

=24.

Pinus monophylla

Pinus ponderosa

Habitat Dry low-montane or foothill pinyon-juniper woodland
Elevation 1000–2300m (3300–7500ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; ID; NV; UT; Mexico in Baja California
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pinus monophylla hybridizes with P. edulis and P. quadrifolia.

Singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) is the state tree of Nevada.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pinus ponderosa is the most economically important western yellow pine. Its wood is more similar in character to the white pines, and it is often referred to as white pine. The taxonomy of this complex is far from resolved.

Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) is the state tree of Montana.

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves mainly 2-3 per fascicle, (7-)10-17 cm.
var. scopulorum
1. Leaves mainly 3-5 per fascicle, (7-)12-25(-30) cm.
→ 2
2. Buds very resinous; leaves commonly 3 per fascicle, 12-25(-30) cm × (1.2-)1.5-2 mm; pollen cones mostly red; seed cones 8-15 cm; twigs commonly not glaucous.
var. ponderosa
2. Buds slightly resinous; leaves commonly 4-5 per fascicle, 7-17 cm × 1-1.2(-1.5) mm; pollen cones mostly yellow; seed cones 5-8 cm; twigs usually glaucous.
var. arizonica
Source FNA vol. 2. FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Pinaceae > Pinus Pinaceae > Pinus
Sibling taxa
P. albicaulis, P. aristata, P. attenuata, P. balfouriana, P. banksiana, P. cembroides, P. clausa, P. contorta, P. coulteri, P. echinata, P. edulis, P. elliottii, P. engelmannii, P. flexilis, P. glabra, P. jeffreyi, P. lambertiana, P. leiophylla, P. longaeva, P. monticola, P. muricata, P. palustris, P. ponderosa, P. pungens, P. quadrifolia, P. radiata, P. resinosa, P. rigida, P. sabiniana, P. serotina, P. strobiformis, P. strobus, P. sylvestris, P. taeda, P. torreyana, P. virginiana, P. washoensis
P. albicaulis, P. aristata, P. attenuata, P. balfouriana, P. banksiana, P. cembroides, P. clausa, P. contorta, P. coulteri, P. echinata, P. edulis, P. elliottii, P. engelmannii, P. flexilis, P. glabra, P. jeffreyi, P. lambertiana, P. leiophylla, P. longaeva, P. monophylla, P. monticola, P. muricata, P. palustris, P. pungens, P. quadrifolia, P. radiata, P. resinosa, P. rigida, P. sabiniana, P. serotina, P. strobiformis, P. strobus, P. sylvestris, P. taeda, P. torreyana, P. virginiana, P. washoensis
Subordinate taxa
P. ponderosa var. arizonica, P. ponderosa var. ponderosa, P. ponderosa var. scopulorum
Synonyms Caryopitys monophylla, P. californiarum, P. cembroides var. monophylla
Name authority Torrey & Frémont: in Frémont, Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts. 2: 319, plate 4. (1845) Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson: Agric. Man. 354. (1836)
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