Pinus monophylla |
Pinus contorta |
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piñón, single leaf pinyon, single-leaf pine, singleleaf pinyon pine |
lodgepole pine, scrub pine, shore pine |
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Habit | Trees to 14m; trunk to 0.5m diam., strongly tapering, much branched; crown usually rounded, dense. | Shrubs or trees to 50m; trunk to 0.9m diam., straight to contorted; crown various according to genetic race. | ||||||||
Bark | red-brown, irregularly furrowed or cross-checked, scaly. |
brown to gray- or red-brown, platy to furrowed. |
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Branches | spreading and ascending, persistent to near trunk base; twigs stout, orange-brown, aging brown to gray, sometimes sparsely puberulent. |
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Twigs | slender, orange to red-brown, aging darker brown, rough. |
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Buds | ellipsoid, light red-brown, 0.5–0.7cm, resinous; scale margins fringed. |
narrowly to broadly ovoid, dark red-brown, to 1.2cm, slightly resinous. |
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Leaves | 1(–2) per fascicle, ascending, persisting 4–6(–10) years, 2–6cm × 1.3–2(–2.5)mm, curved, terete (though often 2-grooved), gray-green, all surfaces with stomatal lines, margins entire, apex subulate; sheath 0.5–1cm, scales soon recurved, forming rosette, shed early. |
2 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 3–8 years, 2–8cm × 0.7–2(–3)mm, twisted, yellow-green to dark green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins finely serrulate, apex blunt to acute or narrowly acuminate; sheath 0.3–0.6(–1)cm, persistent. |
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Pollen cones | ellipsoid, ca. 10mm, yellow. |
ellipsoid to cylindric, 5–15mm, orange-red. |
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Seed(s) | cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds and falling soon thereafter, spreading, symmetric, ovoid before opening, broadly depressed-ovoid to nearly globose when open, 4–6(–8)cm, pale yellow-brown, nearly sessile; apophyses thickened, slightly raised; umbo subcentral, raised or depressed, nearly truncate, apiculate. |
cones maturing in 2 years or variably serotinous, variably persistent, spreading to reflexed, often curved, nearly symmetric or variably asymmetric, lanceoloid to ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid to nearly globose when open, 2–6cm, tan to pale red-brown, lustrous, nearly sessile or on stalks to 1cm; apophyses nearly rhombic, variously elongate, cross-keeled, often mammillate toward outer cone base and on inside above middle; umbo central, depressed-triangular, prickle barely elongate to stubby or slender and to 6mm. |
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Lower | branches often descending, the upper spreading or ascending. |
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2n | =24. |
=24 (variety not indicated). |
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Pinus monophylla |
Pinus contorta |
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Habitat | Dry low-montane or foothill pinyon-juniper woodland | |||||||||
Elevation | 1000–2300m (3300–7500ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; NV; UT; Mexico in Baja California
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AK; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; SK; YT; only in the flora
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Discussion | Pinus monophylla hybridizes with P. edulis and P. quadrifolia. Singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) is the state tree of Nevada. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pinus contorta is fire successional over most of its range and is characterized by prolific seeding and high seed viability in disturbed habitats, often resulting in extremely slow-growing, overly dense stands. Some authors consider it to consist of 4 races; these have been given various infraspecific ranks, but perhaps they are more conventionally treated as 3 varieties. Varieties 3. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Pinaceae > Pinus | Pinaceae > Pinus | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Caryopitys monophylla, P. californiarum, P. cembroides var. monophylla | |||||||||
Name authority | Torrey & Frémont: in Frémont, Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts. 2: 319, plate 4. (1845) | Douglas ex Loudon: Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2292, figs. 2210, 2211. (1838) | ||||||||
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