Flora of North America species comparison

red-brown, shallowly to deeply fissured with thick, scaly, irregular, blocky ridges.

dark gray-brown to near black, deeply furrowed, with long, scaly, irregularly anastomosing, rounded ridges.

contorted, pendent;

twigs pale red-brown, aging gray to yellow-gray, puberulent, young branches resembling long bottlebrushes because of persistent leaves.

often ascending;

twigs stout to moderately slender, violet-brown, often glaucous, aging gray-brown, rough.

ovoid-acuminate, pale red-brown, ca. 1cm, resinous.

ovoid, deep red-brown, 1.5(–3)cm, resinous;

scale margins white-fringed, apex cuspidate.

mostly 5 per fascicle, upcurved, persisting 10–30 years, 1.5–3.5cm × 0.8–1.2mm, mostly connivent, deep yellow-green, with few resin splotches but often scurfy with pale scales, abaxial surface without median groove but with 2 subepidermal but evident resin bands, adaxial surfaces conspicuously whitened with stomates, margins entire or remotely and finely serrulate distally, apex bluntly acute to short-acuminate;

sheath ca. 1cm, soon forming rosette, shed early.

3 per fascicle, slightly spreading, not drooping, mostly ascending in a brush, persisting 3–4 years, 15–30cm × ca. 2mm, slightly curved or straight, twisted, dusty gray-green, all surfaces with pale, fine stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex abruptly subulate;

sheath 2–4cm, base persistent.

cylindro-ellipsoid, 7–10mm, purple-red.

ovoid to cylindric, to 25mm, light purple-brown, aging orange-brown.

cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds and falling soon thereafter, spreading, symmetric, lance-cylindric with rounded base before opening, lance-cylindric to narrowly ovoid when open, 6–9.5cm, purple, aging red-brown, nearly sessile;

apophyses much thickened, sharply keeled;

umbo central, raised on low buttress, truncate to umbilicate, abruptly narrowed to slender but stiff, variable prickle 1–6mm, resin exudate pale.

cones maturing in 2 years, gradually shedding seeds thereafter and moderately persistent, massive, heavy, drooping, asymmetric at base, narrowly ovoid before opening, ovoid-cylindric when open, 20–35cm, pale yellow-brown, resinous, stalks to 3cm;

apophyses transverse-rhombic, strongly and sharply cross-keeled, elongate, curved, continuous with umbos to form long, upcurved claws 2.5–3cm.

=24.