Flora of North America species comparison

dark brown, at maturity deeply furrowed, ridges becoming yellowish, of narrow, elongate, scaly plates.

red-brown to purple-red, deeply furrowed with irregular, elongate, flat, scaly ridges.

straight to ascending;

twigs stout (1–2cm thick), pale gray-brown, aging darker brown, rough.

irregular, spreading-ascending, candelabralike;

twigs stout (1–2cm thick), greenish, aging deep gray-brown to near black, rough.

ovoid-conic, to 2cm, resinous;

scale margins pale fringed.

conic-ovoid, pale brown, to 2.5cm;

scale margins white-fringed.

3(–5) per fascicle, spreading-ascending, often drooping, forming a brush at twig tips, persisting 2 years, (20–)25–45cm × 2mm, dull green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins coarsely serrulate, apex conic-subulate;

sheath 3–4cm, base persistent.

mostly 5 per fascicle, ascending or spreading, persisting 3–4 years, 15–30cm × ca. 2mm, straight or curved, slightly twisted, dull gray-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex abruptly acute;

sheath to 2cm, shed early, base persistent.

cylindric, ca. 25mm, yellow to yellow-brown.

ovoid, 20–30mm, yellow.

cones maturing in 2 years and shedding seeds soon thereafter, not persistent, terminal, sometimes curved, often asymmetric, lance-ovoid before opening, ovoid when open, 11–14cm, light dull brown, nearly sessile or short-stalked;

apophyses rhombic, somewhat to quite elongate, strongly raised toward outer cone base, sometimes curved, strongly cross-keeled, narrowed to thick, curved, broadly triangular-based umbo, this often producing outcurved claw.

cones maturing in 3 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter, persisting to 5 years, lateral, massive, heavy, symmetric, ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid when open, 10–15cm, yellow- to red-brown, lustrous, stalks to 4cm;

apophyses thick, angulately dome-shaped, with 5 low convergent keels;

umbo central, forming short, curved-tipped pyramid.

=24.