Pinus edulis |
Pinus washoensis |
|
---|---|---|
Colorado pinyon, pinyon, piñon pine, piñón, two needle pinyon pine, two-needle pinyon |
Washoe pine |
|
Habit | Shrubs or trees to 21m; trunk to 0.6m diam., strongly tapering, erect; crown conic, rounded, dense. | Trees to 60m; trunk to 1m diam., straight; crown pyramidal. |
Bark | red-brown, shallowly and irregularly furrowed, ridges scaly, rounded. |
yellow-brown to reddish, fissured, plates scaly. |
Branches | persistent to near trunk base; twigs pale red-brown to tan, rarely glaucous, aging gray-brown to gray, glabrous to papillose-puberulent. |
spreading-ascending; twigs stout, orangish, aging gray, rough. |
Buds | ovoid to ellipsoid, red-brown, 0.5–1cm, resinous. |
ovoid, red-brown, 1.5–2cm, not resinous; scale margins fringed. |
Leaves | (1–)2(–3) per fascicle, upcurved, persisting 4–6 years, 2–4cm × (0.9–)1–1.5mm, connivent, 2-sided (1-leaved fascicles with leaves 2-grooved, 3-leaved fascicles with leaves 3-sided), blue-green, all surfaces marked with pale stomatal bands, particularly the adaxial, margins entire or finely serrulate, apex narrowly acute to subulate; sheath 0.5–0.7cm, scales soon recurved, forming rosette, shed early. |
(2–)3 per fascicle, spreading-ascending, persisting (2–)4–6(–7) years, 10–15cm × ca. 1.5mm, slightly twisted, gray-green, all surfaces with stomatal lines, margins finely serrulate, apex acuminate; sheath 1–2cm, base persistent. |
Pollen cones | ellipsoid, ca. 7mm, yellowish to red-brown. |
cylindric, 10–20mm, red-purple. |
Seed(s) | cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds and falling soon thereafter, spreading, symmetric, ovoid before opening, depressed-ovoid to nearly globose when open, ca. (3.5–)4(–5)cm, pale yellow- to pale red-brown, resinous, nearly sessile to short-stalked; apophyses thickened, raised, angulate; umbo subcentral, slightly raised or depressed, truncate or umbilicate. |
cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter, not persistent, spreading, slightly asymmetric, ovoid-conic before opening, broadly ovoid when open, 7–10cm, tan or pale red-brown, sessile, abaxial surface of scales darker and sharply contrasting in color with adaxial surface; apophyses slightly raised, low pyramidal; umbo central, narrowly pyramidal, tapering into short, reflexed, fine prickle. |
2n | =24. |
=24. |
Pinus edulis |
Pinus washoensis |
|
Habitat | Dry mountain slopes, mesas, plateaus, and pinyon-juniper woodland | Dry montane forests |
Elevation | 1500–2100(–2700)m (4900–6900(–8900)ft) | 2100–2500m (6900–8200ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; NM; OK; TX; UT; WY; Mexico in Chihuahua
|
CA; NV |
Discussion | Pinus edulis var. fallax Little (P. californiarum subsp. fallax (Little) D.K.Bailey) appears to combine features of P. edulis and P. monophylla. More study is needed. Seeds of Pinus edulis, the commonest southwestern United States pinyon, are much eaten and traded by Native Americans. Pinyon (Pinus edulis) is the state tree of New Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pinus washoensis often occurs in large stands and resembles P. jeffreyi. The number and posture of seed-cone scales fall within the ranges given for P. jeffreyi. The abaxial surface of these scales has a significantly darker pigmentation, however; such a color contrast is not apparent in P. jeffreyi. Forest geneticists have developed hybrids between P. washoensis and related yellow pines, but no natural hybrids have been observed. Some workers regard P. washoensis as closely related to—or even conspecific with--- P. ponderosa. Of conservation concern. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Pinaceae > Pinus | Pinaceae > Pinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Caryopitys edulis, P. cembroides var. edulis | |
Name authority | Engelmann: in Wislizenus, Mem. Tour N. Mexico 88. (1848) | H. Mason & Stockwell: Madroño 8: 62. (1945) |
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