Pinus echinata |
Pinus torreyana |
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shortleaf pine |
Del Mar pine, island Torrey pine, soledad pine, Torrey pine |
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Habit | Trees to 40m; trunk to 1.2m diam., straight; crown rounded to conic. | Trees to 15(–23)m; trunk to 1m diam., in nature mostly crooked and leaning; crown rounded to flattened or irregular. | ||||
Bark | red-brown, scaly-plated, plates with evident resin pockets. |
red-brown to purple-red, deeply furrowed with irregular, elongate, flat, scaly ridges. |
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Branches | spreading-ascending; 2-year-old branchlets slender (ca. 5mm or less), greenish brown to red-brown, often glaucous, aging red-brown to gray, roughened and cracking below leafy portion. |
irregular, spreading-ascending, candelabralike; twigs stout (1–2cm thick), greenish, aging deep gray-brown to near black, rough. |
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Buds | ovoid to cylindric, red-brown, 0.5–0.7(–1)cm, resinous. |
conic-ovoid, pale brown, to 2.5cm; scale margins white-fringed. |
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Leaves | 2(–3) per fascicle, spreading-ascending, persistent 3–5 years, (5–)7–11(–13)cm × ca. 1mm, straight, slightly twisted, gray- to yellow-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins finely serrulate, apex abruptly acute; sheath 0.5–1(–1.5)cm, base persistent. |
mostly 5 per fascicle, ascending or spreading, persisting 3–4 years, 15–30cm × ca. 2mm, straight or curved, slightly twisted, dull gray-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex abruptly acute; sheath to 2cm, shed early, base persistent. |
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Pollen cones | cylindric, 15–20mm, yellow- to pale purple-green. |
ovoid, 20–30mm, yellow. |
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Seed(s) | cones maturing in 2 years, semipersistent, solitary or clustered, spreading, symmetric, lanceoloid or narrowly ovoid before opening, ovoid-conic when open, 4–6(–7)cm, red-brown, aging gray, nearly sessile or on stalks to 1cm, scales lacking contrasting dark border on adaxial surfaces distally; umbo central, with elongate to short, stout, sharp prickle. |
cones maturing in 3 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter, persisting to 5 years, lateral, massive, heavy, symmetric, ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid when open, 10–15cm, yellow- to red-brown, lustrous, stalks to 4cm; apophyses thick, angulately dome-shaped, with 5 low convergent keels; umbo central, forming short, curved-tipped pyramid. |
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2n | =24. |
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Pinus echinata |
Pinus torreyana |
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Habitat | Uplands, dry forests | |||||
Elevation | 200–610m (700–2000ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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CA; only in the flora
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Discussion | Although Pinus echinata is highly valued for timber and pulpwood, it is afflicted by root rot. It hybridizes with P. taeda, the pine most commonly associated with it. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pinus torreyana is a rare and local Tertiary relic species whose present range is reduced to two small areas of southern California: near Del Mar (San Diego County) and on the northeastern shore of Santa Rosa Island (Santa Barbara County). Its distribution in Oligocene and Miocene (or at least that of its near ancestor) extended north to Oregon. Its harsh natural habitat elicits an unusually contorted and often sparse form, quite unlike the cleaner and taller form the species takes in cultivation. In terms of numbers of individuals in the wild, as well as the small area occupied by natural populations, Pinus torreyana is without a doubt the rarest North American pine. As such it is under protection. Artificial crosses between it and another, more widespread Tertiary relic, P. sabiniana, have been successful. Subspecies 2. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. | ||||
Parent taxa | Pinaceae > Pinus | Pinaceae > Pinus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Miller: Gard. Dict., ed. 8 Pinus no. 12. (1768) | Parry ex Carrière | ||||
Web links |