Pinus echinata |
Pinus attenuata |
|
---|---|---|
shortleaf pine |
knobcone pine |
|
Habit | Trees to 40m; trunk to 1.2m diam., straight; crown rounded to conic. | Shrubs or trees to 24m; trunk to 0.8m diam., usually straight; crown mostly narrowly to broadly conic. |
Bark | red-brown, scaly-plated, plates with evident resin pockets. |
purple-brown to dark brown, shallowly and narrowly fissured, with irregular, flat, loose-scaly plates, on upper sections of trunk nearly smooth. |
Branches | spreading-ascending; 2-year-old branchlets slender (ca. 5mm or less), greenish brown to red-brown, often glaucous, aging red-brown to gray, roughened and cracking below leafy portion. |
ascending; twigs slender, red-brown. |
Buds | ovoid to cylindric, red-brown, 0.5–0.7(–1)cm, resinous. |
ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, dark red-brown, aging darker, ca. 1.5cm, resinous; scale margins fringed, apex attenuate. |
Leaves | 2(–3) per fascicle, spreading-ascending, persistent 3–5 years, (5–)7–11(–13)cm × ca. 1mm, straight, slightly twisted, gray- to yellow-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins finely serrulate, apex abruptly acute; sheath 0.5–1(–1.5)cm, base persistent. |
3 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 4–5 years, (8–)9–15(–20)cm × (1–)1.3–1.8mm, straight or slightly curved, twisted, yellow-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex abruptly conic-subulate; sheath (1–)1.5–2cm, base persistent. |
Pollen cones | cylindric, 15–20mm, yellow- to pale purple-green. |
ellipsoid-cylindric, 10–15mm, orange-brown. |
Seed(s) | cones maturing in 2 years, semipersistent, solitary or clustered, spreading, symmetric, lanceoloid or narrowly ovoid before opening, ovoid-conic when open, 4–6(–7)cm, red-brown, aging gray, nearly sessile or on stalks to 1cm, scales lacking contrasting dark border on adaxial surfaces distally; umbo central, with elongate to short, stout, sharp prickle. |
cones maturing in 2 years, serotinous, long-persistent, remaining closed for 20 years or more, or opening on burning, in whorls, hard and heavy, very asymmetric, lanceoloid before opening, ovoid-cylindric when open, 8–15cm, yellow- or pale red-brown, stalks to 1cm; apophyses toward outside base increasingly elongate, mammillate or raised-angled-conic, downcurved near base, scarcely raised on branchlet side, rhombic; umbo central, low-pyramidal, sharp, upcurved. |
2n | =24. |
=24. |
Pinus echinata |
Pinus attenuata |
|
Habitat | Uplands, dry forests | Fire successional on dry slopes and foothills of Sierra Nevada and the Cascade and Coast ranges |
Elevation | 200–610m (700–2000ft) | 300–1200m (1000–3900ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
|
CA; OR; Mexico in Baja California
|
Discussion | Although Pinus echinata is highly valued for timber and pulpwood, it is afflicted by root rot. It hybridizes with P. taeda, the pine most commonly associated with it. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pinus attenuata, mostly a chaparral species, bears cones at an early age. Its seed crops are heavy, and a hot fire permits the seeds to be released. It forms hybrids with P. muricata and P. radiata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Pinaceae > Pinus | Pinaceae > Pinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. tuberculata | |
Name authority | Miller: Gard. Dict., ed. 8 Pinus no. 12. (1768) | Lemmon: Mining Sci. Press 64: 45. (1892) |
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