Pinus albicaulis |
Pinus rigida |
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pine à blanche écorce, scrub pine, white-bark pine |
pin rigide, pitch pine |
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Habit | Trees to 21m; trunk to 1.5m diam., straight to twisted and contorted; crown conic, becoming rounded to irregularly spreading. | Trees to 31m; trunk to 0.9m diam., straight or crooked, commonly with adventitious sprouts; crown rounded or irregular. |
Bark | pale gray, from distance appearing whitish to light gray and smooth, in age separating into thin plates. |
red-brown, deeply and irregularly furrowed, with long, irregularly rectangular, flat, scaly ridges, resin pockets absent. |
Branches | spreading to ascending, often persistent to trunk base; twigs stout, pale red-brown, with light brown, often glandular puberulence, somewhat roughened by elevated scars, aging gray to pale gray-brown. |
arching-spreading to ascending, poorly self-pruning; 2-year-old branchlets stout (mostly over 5mm thick), orange-brown, aging darker brown, rough. |
Buds | ovoid, light red-brown, 0.8–1cm; scale margins entire. |
ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, red-brown, ca. 1–1.5cm, resinous; scale margins fringed, apex cuspidate. |
Leaves | 5 per fascicle, mostly ascending and upcurved, persisting 5–8 years, 3–7cm × 1–1.5(–2)mm, mostly connivent, deep yellow-green, abaxial surface less so, adaxial surface conspicuously whitened by stomates, margins rounded, minutely serrulate distally, apex conic-acute; sheath 0.8–1.2cm, shed early. |
3(–5) per fascicle, spreading to ascending, persisting 2–3 years, 5–10(–15)cm × 1–1.5(–2)mm, straight, twisted, deep to pale yellow-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex abruptly subulate-acuminate; sheath 0.9–1.2cm, base persistent. |
Pollen cones | cylindro-ovoid, ca. 10–15mm, scarlet. |
cylindric, ca. 20mm, yellow. |
Seed(s) | cones remaining on tree (unless dislodged by animals), not opening naturally but through animal agency, spreading, symmetric, broadly ovoid to depressed-ovoid or nearly globose, 4–8cm, dull gray- to black-purple, sessile to short-stalked; scales thin-based and easily broken off; apophyses much thickened, strongly cross-keeled, tip upcurved, brown; umbo terminal, short, incurved, broadly triangular, tip acute. |
cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter or variously serotinous and long-persistent, often clustered, symmetric, conic to ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid with flat or slightly convex base when open, 3–9cm, creamy brown to light red-brown, sessile to short-stalked, base truncate, scales firm, with dark red-brown border on adaxial surface distally; apophyses slightly raised, rhombic, with strong transverse keels; umbo central, low-triangular, with slender, downcurved prickle. |
2n | =24. |
=24. |
Pinus albicaulis |
Pinus rigida |
|
Habitat | Thin, rocky, cold soils at or near timberline, montane forests | Upland or lowland, sterile, dry to boggy soils |
Elevation | 1300–3700m (4300–12100ft) | 0–1400m (0–4600ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; WY; AB; BC
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CT; DE; GA; KY; MA; MD; ME; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; ON; QC
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Discussion | Although two reliable dendrologists, G. B. Sudworth (1917) and N. T. Mirov (1967), include Utah in the distribution of Pinus albicaulis, more recent workers have not found it to occur there. The fresh-cut wood of Pinus albicaulis is sweet-scented. Seeds are dispersed mainly by Clark's nutcracker [Nucifraga columbiana (Wilson), family Corvidae]. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pinus rigida often has poor form and is not valued highly as saw timber. It is fire successional, sprouts adventitiously, and is frequently shrubby in the northern part of its range. It is known to hybridize naturally with P. echinata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Pinaceae > Pinus | Pinaceae > Pinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Apinus albicaulis | |
Name authority | Engelmann: Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 209. (1863) | Miller: Gard. Dict., ed. 8 Pinus no. 10. (1768) |
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