Pinus albicaulis |
Pinus engelmannii |
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pine à blanche écorce, scrub pine, white-bark pine |
Apache pine, Arizona longleaf pine, pino real |
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Habit | Trees to 21m; trunk to 1.5m diam., straight to twisted and contorted; crown conic, becoming rounded to irregularly spreading. | Trees to 35m; trunk to 0.6m diam., straight; crown irregularly rounded, rather thin. |
Bark | pale gray, from distance appearing whitish to light gray and smooth, in age separating into thin plates. |
dark brown, at maturity deeply furrowed, ridges becoming yellowish, of narrow, elongate, scaly plates. |
Branches | spreading to ascending, often persistent to trunk base; twigs stout, pale red-brown, with light brown, often glandular puberulence, somewhat roughened by elevated scars, aging gray to pale gray-brown. |
straight to ascending; twigs stout (1–2cm thick), pale gray-brown, aging darker brown, rough. |
Buds | ovoid, light red-brown, 0.8–1cm; scale margins entire. |
ovoid-conic, to 2cm, resinous; scale margins pale fringed. |
Leaves | 5 per fascicle, mostly ascending and upcurved, persisting 5–8 years, 3–7cm × 1–1.5(–2)mm, mostly connivent, deep yellow-green, abaxial surface less so, adaxial surface conspicuously whitened by stomates, margins rounded, minutely serrulate distally, apex conic-acute; sheath 0.8–1.2cm, shed early. |
3(–5) per fascicle, spreading-ascending, often drooping, forming a brush at twig tips, persisting 2 years, (20–)25–45cm × 2mm, dull green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins coarsely serrulate, apex conic-subulate; sheath 3–4cm, base persistent. |
Pollen cones | cylindro-ovoid, ca. 10–15mm, scarlet. |
cylindric, ca. 25mm, yellow to yellow-brown. |
Seed(s) | cones remaining on tree (unless dislodged by animals), not opening naturally but through animal agency, spreading, symmetric, broadly ovoid to depressed-ovoid or nearly globose, 4–8cm, dull gray- to black-purple, sessile to short-stalked; scales thin-based and easily broken off; apophyses much thickened, strongly cross-keeled, tip upcurved, brown; umbo terminal, short, incurved, broadly triangular, tip acute. |
cones maturing in 2 years and shedding seeds soon thereafter, not persistent, terminal, sometimes curved, often asymmetric, lance-ovoid before opening, ovoid when open, 11–14cm, light dull brown, nearly sessile or short-stalked; apophyses rhombic, somewhat to quite elongate, strongly raised toward outer cone base, sometimes curved, strongly cross-keeled, narrowed to thick, curved, broadly triangular-based umbo, this often producing outcurved claw. |
2n | =24. |
=24. |
Pinus albicaulis |
Pinus engelmannii |
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Habitat | Thin, rocky, cold soils at or near timberline, montane forests | High and dry mountain ranges, valleys, and plateaus |
Elevation | 1300–3700m (4300–12100ft) | 1500–2500m (4900–8200ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; WY; AB; BC
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AZ; NM; Mexico
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Discussion | Although two reliable dendrologists, G. B. Sudworth (1917) and N. T. Mirov (1967), include Utah in the distribution of Pinus albicaulis, more recent workers have not found it to occur there. The fresh-cut wood of Pinus albicaulis is sweet-scented. Seeds are dispersed mainly by Clark's nutcracker [Nucifraga columbiana (Wilson), family Corvidae]. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In general appearance Pinus engelmannii much resembles P. palustris with its short-persistent, long leaves (but in this species drooping) and in its tendency to form a grass stage. It has a deep taproot as do P. palustris and P. ponderosa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Pinaceae > Pinus | Pinaceae > Pinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Apinus albicaulis | P. macrophylla, P. apacheca, P. latifolia |
Name authority | Engelmann: Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 209. (1863) | Carrière |
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