Flora of North America species comparison

pale gray, from distance appearing whitish to light gray and smooth, in age separating into thin plates.

orange- to purple-brown, irregularly furrowed and cross-checked into large, irregularly rectangular, papery-scaly plates.

spreading to ascending, often persistent to trunk base;

twigs stout, pale red-brown, with light brown, often glandular puberulence, somewhat roughened by elevated scars, aging gray to pale gray-brown.

spreading to ascending;

twigs stout (to ca. 1cm thick), orange-brown, aging darker brown, rough-scaly.

ovoid, light red-brown, 0.8–1cm;

scale margins entire.

cylindric, silvery brown, 1.5–2cm;

scale margins fringed.

5 per fascicle, mostly ascending and upcurved, persisting 5–8 years, 3–7cm × 1–1.5(–2)mm, mostly connivent, deep yellow-green, abaxial surface less so, adaxial surface conspicuously whitened by stomates, margins rounded, minutely serrulate distally, apex conic-acute;

sheath 0.8–1.2cm, shed early.

2 or 3 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting ca. 2 years, 15–20(–23)cm × 1.2–1.5mm, straight, slightly twisted, pliant, yellow- to blue-green, all surfaces with stomatal lines, margins finely serrulate, apex abruptly acute to acuminate;

sheath 1–2cm, base persistent.

cylindro-ovoid, ca. 10–15mm, scarlet.

cylindric, 30–40mm, purplish.

cones remaining on tree (unless dislodged by animals), not opening naturally but through animal agency, spreading, symmetric, broadly ovoid to depressed-ovoid or nearly globose, 4–8cm, dull gray- to black-purple, sessile to short-stalked;

scales thin-based and easily broken off;

apophyses much thickened, strongly cross-keeled, tip upcurved, brown;

umbo terminal, short, incurved, broadly triangular, tip acute.

cones maturing in 2 years, falling the year after seed-shed, single or in pairs, symmetric, lance-ovoid before opening, ovoid or ovoid-cylindric when open, (7–)9–18(–20)cm, light chocolate brown, on stalks to 3cm;

apophyses lustrous (as if varnished), slightly raised, strongly cross-keeled;

umbo central, depressed-pyramidal, with short, stout prickle.

=24.