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Norway spruce, épinette de norvège

Brewer spruce, weeping spruce

Habit Trees to 30m; trunk to 2m diam.; crown conic. Trees to 40m; trunk to 1.5m diam., typically buttressed; crown conic.
Bark

gray-brown, scaly.

gray to brown.

Branches

short and stout, the upper ascending, the lower drooping;

twigs stout, reddish brown, usually glabrous.

drooping;

twigs pendent, elongate, slender, gray-brown, finely pubescent.

Buds

reddish brown, 5–7mm, apex acute.

gray-brown, 5–7mm, apex rounded.

Leaves

1–2.5cm, 4-angled in cross section, rigid, light to dark green, bearing stomates on all surfaces, apex blunt-tipped.

1.5–3cm, flattened or broadly triangular in cross section (abaxial surface rounded or slightly angular), rather rigid, abaxial surface dark green with stomatal bands absent, adaxial surface glaucous with conspicuous stomatal bands separated by slight ridge or angle, apex blunt (especially on older leaves).

Seed

cones (10–)12–16cm;

scales diamond-shaped, widest near middle, 18–30 × 15–20mm, thin and flexuous, margin at apex erose to toothed, apex extending 6–10mm beyond seed-wing impression.

cones 6.5–12cm;

scales fan-shaped, 15–20 × 15–20mm, rigid, margin at apex entire to slightly erose.

2n

=24.

Picea abies

Picea breweriana

Habitat Woods and persisting after cultivation. Montane to subalpine forests of the Siskiyou Mountains
Elevation 1000–2300m (3300–7500ft)
Distribution
from FNA
MN; probably elsewhere; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Norway spruce, native to Europe, has become locally naturalized, at least in north central United States (and adjacent Canada). The species is the most widely cultivated spruce in North America; many cultivars exist, including dwarf shrubs.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 2, p. 370. FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Pinaceae > Picea Pinaceae > Picea
Sibling taxa
P. breweriana, P. engelmannii, P. glauca, P. mariana, P. pungens, P. rubens, P. sitchensis
P. abies, P. engelmannii, P. glauca, P. mariana, P. pungens, P. rubens, P. sitchensis
Synonyms Pinus abies
Name authority (Linnaeus) H. Karsten: Deut. Fl. 2/3: 324. (1881) S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 378. (1885)
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