Physocarpus opulifolius |
Physocarpus malvaceus |
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Atlantic nine-bark, common nine-bark, physocarpe à feuilles d'obier |
few-flower ninebark, mallow nine-bark, mallow-leaf nine-bark |
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Habit | Shrubs, to 30 dm. | Shrubs, 20 dm. |
Stems | spreading to ascending, ± glabrous. |
spreading, brown becoming grayish black, glabrous or finely stellate-hairy. |
Leaves | stipules narrowly ovate, 6–10 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute; petiole 1–3 cm; blade ovate to obovate, 6–8.5(–10) × 4–7(–10) cm, usually longer than wide, base broadly cuneate to truncate, 3(–5)-lobed, margins irregularly serrate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces mostly glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy abaxially. |
stipules oblong to elliptic or obovate, 6 × 2.5 mm, base broad, apex rounded and erose to apiculate or acute; petiole 1–2.5(–3) cm; blade broadly ovate to orbiculate, 2–6 × 2.5–6 cm, sometimes wider than long, base truncate to slightly cordate, 3- or 5-lobed, clefts between lobes may be shallow to deep, margins doubly crenate to doubly serrate, apex rounded, obtuse, or acute, surfaces glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy (more so on abaxial veins). |
Inflorescences | 30–50-flowered, open, hemispheric racemes, 5 cm diam.; bracts elliptic to spatulate or rhombic, 5 × 2.5 mm, apex acute to 3-fid or coarsely erose, faces glandular. |
15–20-flowered, fairly dense, hemispheric racemes, 2.5–4 cm diam.; bracts narrowly obovate to spatulate, 4.5 mm, apex erose or acute. |
Pedicels | 1–2 cm, usually stellate-hairy. |
8–15 mm, densely stellate-hairy. |
Flowers | 7–10 mm diam.; hypanthium cup-shaped, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy; sepals pale green to white, darker in center, triangular, 1.5–2.5 mm, apex mucronate, gland-tipped, surfaces usually stellate-hairy; petals white to pale pink, broadly elliptic to orbiculate, 4–5 × 4–5 mm; stamens equal to or exceeding petals, anthers purplish; carpels 3–5, connate basally, sparsely stellate-hairy, glabrescent. |
5–8 mm diam.; hypanthium campanulate, 1.5–2 mm, densely stellate-hairy; sepals triangular to ovate, 2–3 mm, apex gland-tipped, surfaces densely stellate-hairy; petals white, broadly elliptic to obovate or orbiculate, 4.5 × 4.5 mm; stamens ca. 30, equal to or slightly exceeding petals; carpels 2(3), connate at least 1/2 their lengths, densely stellate-hairy. |
Seeds | 2(–5), pyriform, 2 mm. |
1 or 2, pyriform, 1.5 mm. |
Follicles | 3–5, connate basally, bright red to brownish red, ovoid, 5–10 mm (lengths ca. 2 times sepals), sparsely stellate-hairy, ± glabrescent; styles 4 mm. |
2(3), ovoid, flattened, 2.5 mm (lengths not exceeding sepals), keeled apically, densely stellate-hairy, hairs white; styles 2.5–3 mm. |
2n | = 18. |
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Physocarpus opulifolius |
Physocarpus malvaceus |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Jul–Sep. | Flowering May–Jul; fruiting Aug. |
Habitat | Rocky stream banks, lake shores, moist woods, swampy ground | Rocky canyon slopes and cliffs, open grassy slopes, dry open forests among Pinus, Juniperus, Pseudotsuga, Picea, and Populus |
Elevation | 0–1300 m (0–4300 ft) | 500–2800 m (1600–9200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AZ; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC [Introduced in Europe]
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CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
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Discussion | Physocarpus opulifolius is the most widespread species in the wild and is commonly cultivated in North America and Europe; it occasionally escapes from cultivation and has become established in parts of Europe. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Physocarpus malvaceus deserves to be more widely cultivated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 348. | FNA vol. 9, p. 349. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Neillieae > Physocarpus | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Neillieae > Physocarpus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Spiraea opulifolia, Opulaster alabamensis, O. australis, O. opulifolius, O. stellatus | Neillia malvacea, Opulaster pauciflorus, P. pauciflorus |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Maximowicz: Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 220. (1879) | (Greene) Kuntze: Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 219. (1891) |
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