The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

ninebark, Pacific nine-bark, tall ninebark

Atlantic nine-bark, common nine-bark, physocarpe à feuilles d'obier

Habit Shrubs, to 45(–60) dm. Shrubs, to 30 dm.
Stems

erect, sometimes suckering, angled, glabrous or finely stellate-hairy.

spreading to ascending, ± glabrous.

Leaves

stipules linear to narrowly elliptic, 4 × 0.5–2 mm;

petiole 1–2(–3) cm;

blade broadly ovate to obovate, (3–)4–8 cm, usually as wide as long, base rounded to truncate or slightly cordate, 3- or 5-lobed, margins irregularly crenate to doubly serrate, apex obtuse to acute, abaxial surface paler, glabrous or more densely stellate-hairy, adaxial glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy.

stipules narrowly ovate, 6–10 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute;

petiole 1–3 cm;

blade ovate to obovate, 6–8.5(–10) × 4–7(–10) cm, usually longer than wide, base broadly cuneate to truncate, 3(–5)-lobed, margins irregularly serrate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces mostly glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy abaxially.

Inflorescences

30–50-flowered, dense, hemispheric racemes, 3 cm diam., sometimes compound with some proximal pedicels becoming secondary peduncles;

bracts narrowly elliptic to spatulate, 4 × 2 mm, apex acute or erose-dentate, faces glandular.

30–50-flowered, open, hemispheric racemes, 5 cm diam.;

bracts elliptic to spatulate or rhombic, 5 × 2.5 mm, apex acute to 3-fid or coarsely erose, faces glandular.

Pedicels

1–1.5 cm, densely stellate-hairy.

1–2 cm, usually stellate-hairy.

Flowers

5–8 mm diam.;

hypanthium cup-shaped, 2 mm, densely stellate-hairy;

sepals pale green to white, darker in center, triangular, 2–3 mm, apex gland-tipped, surfaces densely stellate-hairy;

petals white, broadly elliptic to orbiculate, 3–4 × 3–4 mm;

stamens equal to or exceeding petals;

carpels 3–5, connate basally, mostly glabrous, sometimes hairy (on ventral suture).

7–10 mm diam.;

hypanthium cup-shaped, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy;

sepals pale green to white, darker in center, triangular, 1.5–2.5 mm, apex mucronate, gland-tipped, surfaces usually stellate-hairy;

petals white to pale pink, broadly elliptic to orbiculate, 4–5 × 4–5 mm;

stamens equal to or exceeding petals, anthers purplish;

carpels 3–5, connate basally, sparsely stellate-hairy, glabrescent.

Seeds

2(–5), pyriform, 2.3–2.8 mm.

2(–5), pyriform, 2 mm.

Follicles

3–5, connate basally, shiny brown, ovoid, 5–7 mm (lengths slightly exceeding sepals), glabrous;

styles 2.5–3 mm.

3–5, connate basally, bright red to brownish red, ovoid, 5–10 mm (lengths ca. 2 times sepals), sparsely stellate-hairy, ± glabrescent;

styles 4 mm.

2n

= 18.

= 18.

Physocarpus capitatus

Physocarpus opulifolius

Phenology Flowering May–Jul; fruiting Jul–Aug. Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Jul–Sep.
Habitat Open sunny slopes on clay (higher elevations), stream and swamp banks, lake margins in moist woods (lower elevations) Rocky stream banks, lake shores, moist woods, swampy ground
Elevation 20–1300 m (100–4300 ft) 0–1300 m (0–4300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AZ; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC [Introduced in Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Physocarpus capitatus is commonly cultivated.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Physocarpus opulifolius is the most widespread species in the wild and is commonly cultivated in North America and Europe; it occasionally escapes from cultivation and has become established in parts of Europe.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 349. FNA vol. 9, p. 348.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Neillieae > Physocarpus Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Neillieae > Physocarpus
Sibling taxa
P. alternans, P. intermedius, P. malvaceus, P. monogynus, P. opulifolius
P. alternans, P. capitatus, P. intermedius, P. malvaceus, P. monogynus
Synonyms Spiraea capitata, P. opulifolius var. tomentellus Spiraea opulifolia, Opulaster alabamensis, O. australis, O. opulifolius, O. stellatus
Name authority (Pursh) Kuntze: Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 219. (1891) (Linnaeus) Maximowicz: Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 220. (1879)
Web links