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common twinpod, double twinpod, twin bladderpod

King bladderpod, King's bladder-pod

Habit Perennials; caudex branched, (cespitose); densely pubescent, trichomes (often stalked, appressed to wavy and spreading), several-rayed, rays furcate or simple, (slightly to strongly umbonate, nearly smooth to strongly tuberculate). Perennials; caudex usually simple, sometimes branched, (not thickened); usually densely pubescent, trichomes (sessile or short-stalked), 3–7-rayed, rays distinct or slightly fused at base, typically furcate near base, bifurcate or 3-partite, (not to slightly umbonate, smooth or moderately to strongly tuberculate).
Stems

several from base, decumbent, (unbranched, leafy for the genus), ca. 1 dm.

few to several from base, prostrate to decumbent or erect, 0.5–2(–4) dm.

Basal leaves

(forming a strong rosette; long-petiolate);

blade obovate, 1.5–4(–8) cm, (base ± abruptly narrowing to petiole), margins usually repand or dentate, rarely entire, (apex usually angular, surfaces silvery).

blade suborbicular to narrowly or broadly oblanceolate to broadly elliptic or rhombic, (1.2–)2–6(–8) cm, (base usually abruptly narrowed to petiole), margins entire, sinuate, or lobed.

Cauline leaves

blade oblanceolate, 1–2 cm (width 4–8 mm), margins entire or with occasional tooth, (apex acute).

(proximal petiolate, distal sessile);

blade obovate or elliptic to spatulate, 0.5–2 cm, margins entire.

Racemes

congested, (elongated in fruit, greatly exceeding leaves).

(usually not secund), dense, (sometimes elongated in fruit).

Flowers

sepals lanceolate to oblong, 6–8 mm, (often keeled);

petals spatulate, 10–12 mm.

sepals lanceolate, 4–6(–7) mm;

petals (yellow, cream-yellow, cream-white, or white), obovate to oblanceolate, 6–13 mm, (claw weakly differentiated from blade).

Fruiting pedicels

(spreading, straight or slightly curved), 8–12 mm.

(erect to divaricate-ascending or recurved, erect in distal 1/3, usually sigmoid, sometimes straight or slightly curved), 4.5–10(–15) mm.

Fruits

(erect), didymous, inflated, 10–20 × 10–20 mm, (papery or firm, basal sinus shallow to deep, sometimes barely notched, apical sinus deep, narrow, usually closed);

valves (retaining seeds after dehiscence), loosely pubescent, trichomes spreading (appearing fuzzy);

replum obovate to broadly oblong, not constricted, 3–4 mm, as wide as or wider than fruit, apex obtuse;

ovules (4–)8 per ovary;

style 7–9 mm.

(sessile or substipitate), subglobose, obovoid, or ellipsoid, compressed (sometimes slightly angustiseptate), 3–9 mm, (rigid, apex truncate, retuse, or rounded-acute);

valves sparsely or densely pubescent, sometimes sparsely pubescent inside; (septum sometimes fenestrate, perforate, or obsolete);

ovules 4–16 per ovary;

style 1–9 mm.

Seeds

flattened.

flattened (sometimes slightly).

Physaria didymocarpa

Physaria kingii

Distribution
from FNA
ID; MT; WA; WY; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; ID; NV; OR; UT; nw Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

The characters used to differentiate Physaria didymocarpa from P. saximontana (especially subsp. dentata) appear to be weak at best: whether there are 4 or 8 ovules per ovary and whether the silicle lacks a basal sinus or one is present. There appears to be intergradation in each of those characters. A traditional circumscription of these species is followed here. Further work is needed at both the species and subspecies level in these taxa.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 7 (7 in the flora).

The Physaria kingii complex is in need of further study. It is widespread in the western United States, mostly in montane environments. This treatment recognizes a highly variable species with generally well-marked, geographically coherent subspecies. Hybridization may be involved in some of the subspecies, especially in subsp. kaibabensis, where molecular data indicate intra-individual genetic variation (pers. obs.).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Trichomes spreading throughout; basal leaf blade margins dentate.
subsp. lanata
1. Trichomes appressed (except fruits in subsp. didymocarpa); basal leaf blade margins repand to dentate, ± lyrate or, rarely, entire
→ 2
2. Fruits moderately inflated, trichomes spreading.
subsp. didymocarpa
2. Fruits highly inflated (papery), trichomes appressed.
subsp. lyrata
1. Fruits slightly wider than long, apices truncate or retuse, valves pubescent inside
→ 2
1. Fruits as wide as or longer than wide, apices rounded-acute, valves glabrous inside
→ 3
2. Basal leaf blades: margins ± entire (sometimes slightly lobed or widened at base); California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon.
subsp. kingii
2. Basal leaf blades: margins sinuate or lobed, or, sometimes, lyrate; Wallowa and Elkhorn mountains, Oregon.
subsp. diversifolia
3. Fruiting pedicels recurved.
subsp. cobrensis
3. Fruiting pedicels not recurved (divaricate-ascending or ± erect, straight or sigmoid)
→ 4
4. Petals cream-white or white; styles 1-2 mm; Kaibab Plateau, n Arizona.
subsp. kaibabensis
4. Petals yellow (occasionally cream-yellow or cream-white on Kaibab Plateau, Arizona); styles (4-)4.5-9 mm; n Arizona (including Kaibab Plateau), California, Nevada, Utah
→ 5
5. Plants erect; styles 6-9 mm; ovules 4-8 per ovary; se California.
subsp. bernardina
5. Plants ascending, erect, decumbent, or prostrate; styles (4-)4.5-7 mm; ovules (6-)8-16 per ovary; n Arizona, e California, s Nevada, Utah
→ 6
6. Plants prostrate, decumbent, or erect; racemes not or somewhat secund in fruit; ovules usually 8-16 per ovary; n Arizona, e California, s Nevada, Utah.
subsp. latifolia
6. Plants ascending; racemes secund in fruit; ovules (6-)8-12 per ovary; n Utah.
subsp. utahensis
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 633. FNA vol. 7, p. 645.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Physarieae > Physaria Brassicaceae > tribe Physarieae > Physaria
Sibling taxa
P. acutifolia, P. alpestris, P. alpina, P. angustifolia, P. arctica, P. arenosa, P. argyraea, P. arizonica, P. aurea, P. bellii, P. brassicoides, P. calcicola, P. calderi, P. carinata, P. chambersii, P. cinerea, P. condensata, P. congesta, P. cordiformis, P. curvipes, P. densiflora, P. dornii, P. douglasii, P. eburniflora, P. engelmannii, P. eriocarpa, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. floribunda, P. fremontii, P. garrettii, P. geyeri, P. globosa, P. gooddingii, P. gordonii, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. hemiphysaria, P. hitchcockii, P. humilis, P. integrifolia, P. intermedia, P. kingii, P. klausii, P. lata, P. lepidota, P. lesicii, P. lindheimeri, P. ludoviciana, P. macrocarpa, P. mcvaughiana, P. montana, P. multiceps, P. navajoensis, P. nelsonii, P. newberryi, P. obcordata, P. obdeltata, P. occidentalis, P. oregona, P. ovalifolia, P. pachyphylla, P. pallida, P. parviflora, P. parvula, P. pendula, P. pinetorum, P. prostrata, P. pruinosa, P. pulvinata, P. purpurea, P. pycnantha, P. rectipes, P. recurvata, P. reediana, P. rollinsii, P. saximontana, P. scrotiformis, P. sessilis, P. spatulata, P. subumbellata, P. tenella, P. thamnophila, P. tumulosa, P. valida, P. vicina, P. vitulifera
P. acutifolia, P. alpestris, P. alpina, P. angustifolia, P. arctica, P. arenosa, P. argyraea, P. arizonica, P. aurea, P. bellii, P. brassicoides, P. calcicola, P. calderi, P. carinata, P. chambersii, P. cinerea, P. condensata, P. congesta, P. cordiformis, P. curvipes, P. densiflora, P. didymocarpa, P. dornii, P. douglasii, P. eburniflora, P. engelmannii, P. eriocarpa, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. floribunda, P. fremontii, P. garrettii, P. geyeri, P. globosa, P. gooddingii, P. gordonii, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. hemiphysaria, P. hitchcockii, P. humilis, P. integrifolia, P. intermedia, P. klausii, P. lata, P. lepidota, P. lesicii, P. lindheimeri, P. ludoviciana, P. macrocarpa, P. mcvaughiana, P. montana, P. multiceps, P. navajoensis, P. nelsonii, P. newberryi, P. obcordata, P. obdeltata, P. occidentalis, P. oregona, P. ovalifolia, P. pachyphylla, P. pallida, P. parviflora, P. parvula, P. pendula, P. pinetorum, P. prostrata, P. pruinosa, P. pulvinata, P. purpurea, P. pycnantha, P. rectipes, P. recurvata, P. reediana, P. rollinsii, P. saximontana, P. scrotiformis, P. sessilis, P. spatulata, P. subumbellata, P. tenella, P. thamnophila, P. tumulosa, P. valida, P. vicina, P. vitulifera
Subordinate taxa
P. didymocarpa subsp. didymocarpa, P. didymocarpa subsp. lanata, P. didymocarpa subsp. lyrata
P. kingii subsp. bernardina, P. kingii subsp. cobrensis, P. kingii subsp. diversifolia, P. kingii subsp. kaibabensis, P. kingii subsp. kingii, P. kingii subsp. latifolia, P. kingii subsp. utahensis
Synonyms Vesicaria didymocarpa, Coulterina didymocarpa Vesicaria kingii, Lesquerella kingii
Name authority (Hooker) A. Gray: Gen. Amer. Bor. 1: 162. (1848) (S. Watson) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz: Novon 12: 324. (2002)
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