Physalis arenicola |
Physalis heterophylla |
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cypresshead groundcherry |
clammy ground-cherry, ground cherry |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, rhizomatous, rhizomes deeply buried, slender, typically also with shallowly buried, slender rhizomes, glabrous to villous, hairs simple, antrorse, to 1 mm, sometimes also with simple, jointed, divergent hairs, 1–2 mm, sometimes glandular. | Herbs perennial, rhizomatous, rhizomes deeply buried, stout, densely villous, hairs simple, jointed, divergent, 1–2 mm, sometimes also with shorter glandular hairs. |
Stems | erect, few-branched, 0.5–3 dm. |
erect to decumbent, branching at most nodes, branches spreading and decumbent, 1.5–10 dm. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1/4–2/3 blade; blade ovate to suborbiculate, 1.5–6(–6.5) × 1–5 cm, base truncate to cordate, margins entire or coarsely, irregularly dentate with few teeth. |
petiolate; petiole 1/3–2/3 blade; blade broadly ovate to suborbiculate, (2–)4–11(–13) × 3–9(–10) cm, base truncate to slightly cordate, margins deeply and irregularly dentate to ± entire. |
Pedicels | (8–)11–17(–25) mm, 15–30(–35) mm in fruit. |
9–15(–20) mm, 20–30 mm in fruit. |
Flowers | calyx 6–12 mm, villous, lobes 2–5 mm; corolla yellow with 5 pale reddish-brown smudges or not, campanulate-rotate, 10–17 mm; anthers yellow, not twisted after dehiscence, 2.5–4 mm. |
calyx 6–12 mm, lobes 3–6 mm; corolla yellow with 5 large purple-brown smudges, campanulate-rotate, 10–17 mm; anthers yellow, rarely blue-tinged, not twisted after dehiscence, 2.5–4.5 mm. |
Fruiting calyces | loosely enclosing berry, 10-ribbed, 20–35 × 15–25 mm. |
loosely enclosing berry, 10-ribbed, 25–40 × 15–30 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Physalis arenicola |
Physalis heterophylla |
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Phenology | Flowering year-round in areas without frost. | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Sandy soil, pine-oak woods, hammocks, fields, pastures, roadsides. | Openings in hardwood forests, edges of pine woods, grasslands, fields, roadsides, disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) | 10–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; MS
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AL; AR; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; ON; QC; SK
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Discussion | Physalis arenicola is found throughout Florida; only a few records exist from the other states in its range. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Physalis heterophylla is widespread east of the Rocky Mountains. Herbarium specimens from Manitoba, Oregon, and Utah represent historical collections. Morphological variation has been recognized taxonomically in some manuals, although intergradation occurs among varieties and they often cannot be identified reliably. The cultivated P. peruviana (cape gooseberry) is similar to P. heterophylla except that it is not glandular and has shorter pedicels (6–8 mm in flower, 13–15 mm in fruit). W. F. Hinton (1975b) reported the uncommon occurrence of a population in North Carolina representing natural hybridization between P. heterophylla and P. virginiana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Physalis | Solanaceae > Physalis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. arenicola var. ciliosa, P. ciliosa | P. ambigua, P. heterophylla var. ambigua, P. heterophylla var. clavipes, P. heterophylla var. nyctaginea, P. heterophylla var. villosa, P. nyctaginea, P. sinuata |
Name authority | Kearney: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 485. (1894) | Nees: Linnaea 6: 463. (1831) |
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