Phyllanthus polygonoides |
Phyllanthus acidus |
|
---|---|---|
knotweed leafflower, knotweed leaflower, smartweed leaf-flower |
otaheite or Tahitian gooseberry tree, Tahitian gooseberry tree |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, with woody caudex, usually monoecious, rarely dioecious, 1–5 dm; branching not phyllanthoid. | Trees, monoecious, 20–100 dm; branching phyllanthoid. |
Stems | terete, not winged, glabrous. |
main stems and ultimate branchlets terete, not winged, glabrous. |
Leaves | spiral, all well developed; stipules auriculate, pink or red to medium brown, with hyaline margins; blade narrowly oblong to obovate, 5–10 × 1.5–5 mm, base obtuse, apex acute to mucronulate, both surfaces glabrous or scabridulous. |
on main stems deciduous, spiral, scalelike; stipules not auriculate, dark brown.; leaves on ultimate branchlets deciduous with branchlets, distichous, well developed; stipules not auriculate, dark brown; blade broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, (40–)50–90 × (20–)25–45 mm, base obtuse or rounded, apex acute, both surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | cymules or flowers solitary, unisexual or bisexual, with 1(–2) pistillate flowers and/or 1–3 staminate flowers. |
cymules on leafless short shoots, on old wood bisexual with 1–9 pistillate flowers and 25–40 staminate flowers, on new growth bisexual on proximal shoots with 1–2 pistillate flowers and 8–12 staminate flowers, staminate on distal shoots with 8–12 flowers. |
Pedicels | staminate 1.5–3.5 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, 2.5–7 mm. |
staminate 1.5–3 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, 2.3–5(–6) mm. |
Staminate flowers | sepals (5–)6, greenish yellow, sometimes suffused with red, with white margins, flat, 0.7–1.3 mm; nectary extrastaminal, 6 glands; stamens 3, filaments connate 2/3 length. |
sepals 4, reddish purple with pink to white margins, flat, 1.1–1.4(–1.5) mm; nectary extrastaminal, 4 glands; stamens (3–)4, filaments distinct. |
Pistillate flowers | sepals (5–)6, green with white margins, flat, 1.5–2.5 mm, pinnately veined; nectary annular, 6-lobed. |
sepals 4, green to reddish purple with pink to white margins, flat, (1–)1.2–1.4 mm, 1-veined; nectary annular, 4-lobed. |
Capsules | 2.7–3.2 mm diam., smooth. |
|
Drupes | greenish yellow to white, (12–)15–20(–25) mm diam., smooth. |
|
Seeds | uniformly brown, (1.1–)1.2–1.4(–1.5) mm, irregularly verrucose. |
uniformly brown, 3.3–3.5 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 26 (West Indies). |
Phyllanthus polygonoides |
Phyllanthus acidus |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–fall. | Flowering and fruiting year-round. |
Habitat | Grasslands, grass-shrublands, glades, especially calcareous soils. | Disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 700–2000 m. (2300–6600 ft.) | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
Distribution |
AR; AZ; LA; MO; NM; OK; TX; n Mexico; c Mexico
|
FL; South America (Brazil) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, elsewhere in South America, Asia, Africa] |
Discussion | Phyllanthus polygonoides is closely related to P. liebmannianus. Although in the flora area they are allopatric and easily distinguished by the characters used in the key, the differences other than habit are all quantitative, and where the species overlap in parts of northeastern Mexico they can be difficult to separate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Phyllanthus acidus is widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics for its edible drupes. In the flora area, it is known sparingly from Collier and Monroe counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 337. | FNA vol. 12, p. 341. |
Parent taxa | Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus | Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Averrhoa acida, Cicca acida, C. disticha | |
Name authority | Nuttall ex Sprengel: Syst. Veg. 3: 23. (1826) | (Linnaeus) Skeels: U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 148: 17. (1909) — (as acida) |
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