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knotweed leafflower, knotweed leaflower, smartweed leaf-flower

abnormal leaflower, Drummond's leaf-flower

Habit Herbs, perennial, with woody caudex, usually monoecious, rarely dioecious, 1–5 dm; branching not phyllanthoid. Herbs, annual, sometimes becoming woody and then appearing to be perennial, monoecious, 1–5 dm; branching phyllanthoid.
Stems

terete, not winged, glabrous.

main stems persistent, terete, not winged, glabrous or scabridulous; ultimate branchlets deciduous, subterete, not winged, glabrous or scabridulous.

Leaves

spiral, all well developed;

stipules auriculate, pink or red to medium brown, with hyaline margins;

blade narrowly oblong to obovate, 5–10 × 1.5–5 mm, base obtuse, apex acute to mucronulate, both surfaces glabrous or scabridulous.

on main stems spiral, scalelike;

stipules not auriculate, pale reddish brown.;

leaves on ultimate branchlets distichous, well developed;

stipules not auriculate, greenish white;

blade elliptic to oblong, 3–10 × 1–4 mm, base cuneate to subcordate, apex obtuse to emarginate, both surfaces glabrous or scabridulous.

Inflorescences

cymules or flowers solitary, unisexual or bisexual, with 1(–2) pistillate flowers and/or 1–3 staminate flowers.

cymules, proximal staminate with 2 flowers, distal bisexual with 1 pistillate flower and 1–3 staminate flowers.

Pedicels

staminate 1.5–3.5 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, 2.5–7 mm.

staminate 0.7–1.5 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, (1–)1.5–3(–3.5) mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals (5–)6, greenish yellow, sometimes suffused with red, with white margins, flat, 0.7–1.3 mm;

nectary extrastaminal, 6 glands;

stamens 3, filaments connate 2/3 length.

sepals 5–6 in basal cymules, 4 in distal cymules, pale yellowish green, sometimes suffused with red, flat, 0.5–1 mm;

nectary extrastaminal, 4(–6) glands;

stamens 2(–3 in basal cymules), filaments connate throughout.

Pistillate flowers

sepals (5–)6, green with white margins, flat, 1.5–2.5 mm, pinnately veined;

nectary annular, 6-lobed.

sepals 5–6, green with nearly white margins, flat, (0.5–)0.7–1.1 mm, 1-veined;

nectary 3 glands (2-fid distally, thus resembling 6 glands).

Capsules

2.7–3.2 mm diam., smooth.

2.3–2.7 mm diam., smooth.

Seeds

uniformly brown, (1.1–)1.2–1.4(–1.5) mm, irregularly verrucose.

uniformly brown, 1.1–1.5 mm, longitudinally ribbed.

2n

= 16.

Phyllanthus polygonoides

Phyllanthus abnormis

Phenology Flowering and fruiting spring–fall.
Habitat Grasslands, grass-shrublands, glades, especially calcareous soils.
Elevation 700–2000 m. (2300–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; AZ; LA; MO; NM; OK; TX; n Mexico; c Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; NM; OK; TX; ne Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Phyllanthus polygonoides is closely related to P. liebmannianus. Although in the flora area they are allopatric and easily distinguished by the characters used in the key, the differences other than habit are all quantitative, and where the species overlap in parts of northeastern Mexico they can be difficult to separate.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Pistillate nectary glands strongly unequal, spatulate, as long as or longer than broad; leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces or sparsely to moderately scabridulous abaxially; bisexual cymules with 1 staminate flower.
var. abnormis
1. Pistillate nectary glands subequal, reniform, broader than long; leaf blades densely scabridulous on both surfaces; bisexual cymules with 1–3 staminate flowers.
var. riograndensis
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 337. FNA vol. 12, p. 343.
Parent taxa Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus
Sibling taxa
P. abnormis, P. acidus, P. amarus, P. angustifolius, P. caroliniensis, P. ericoides, P. evanescens, P. fluitans, P. fraternus, P. liebmannianus, P. niruri, P. pentaphyllus, P. tenellus, P. urinaria, P. warnockii
P. acidus, P. amarus, P. angustifolius, P. caroliniensis, P. ericoides, P. evanescens, P. fluitans, P. fraternus, P. liebmannianus, P. niruri, P. pentaphyllus, P. polygonoides, P. tenellus, P. urinaria, P. warnockii
Subordinate taxa
P. abnormis var. abnormis, P. abnormis var. riograndensis
Name authority Nuttall ex Sprengel: Syst. Veg. 3: 23. (1826) Baillon: Adansonia 1: 42. (1860)
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