Phyllanthus abnormis |
Phyllanthus fluitans |
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abnormal leaflower, Drummond's leaf-flower |
floating spurge, red root floater |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, sometimes becoming woody and then appearing to be perennial, monoecious, 1–5 dm; branching phyllanthoid. | Herbs, perennial, floating aquatic, without caudex or rhizomes, monoecious, 0.5–13 dm; branching not phyllanthoid. | ||||
Stems | main stems persistent, terete, not winged, glabrous or scabridulous; ultimate branchlets deciduous, subterete, not winged, glabrous or scabridulous. |
terete, not winged, glabrous. |
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Leaves | on main stems spiral, scalelike; stipules not auriculate, pale reddish brown.; leaves on ultimate branchlets distichous, well developed; stipules not auriculate, greenish white; blade elliptic to oblong, 3–10 × 1–4 mm, base cuneate to subcordate, apex obtuse to emarginate, both surfaces glabrous or scabridulous. |
distichous; all well developed; stipules auriculate, pale brown; blade ± orbiculate, 9–17 mm diam., base cordate, apex rounded to shallowly emarginate, both surfaces papillate. |
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Inflorescences | cymules, proximal staminate with 2 flowers, distal bisexual with 1 pistillate flower and 1–3 staminate flowers. |
cymules, bisexual, with 1–2 staminate and 1–2 pistillate flowers, or flowers solitary. |
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Pedicels | staminate 0.7–1.5 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, (1–)1.5–3(–3.5) mm. |
staminate 0.5–1 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, 0.5–1 mm. |
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Staminate flowers | sepals 5–6 in basal cymules, 4 in distal cymules, pale yellowish green, sometimes suffused with red, flat, 0.5–1 mm; nectary extrastaminal, 4(–6) glands; stamens 2(–3 in basal cymules), filaments connate throughout. |
sepals (5–)6, white or greenish white, flat, 1–1.4 mm; nectary extrastaminal, (5–)6 glands; stamens 3, filaments distinct. |
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Pistillate flowers | sepals 5–6, green with nearly white margins, flat, (0.5–)0.7–1.1 mm, 1-veined; nectary 3 glands (2-fid distally, thus resembling 6 glands). |
sepals (5–)6, white or greenish white, flat, 0.8–1.2 mm, 1-veined; nectary annular, unlobed to lobed. |
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Capsules | 2.3–2.7 mm diam., smooth. |
2.5–3 mm diam., smooth. |
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Seeds | uniformly brown, 1.1–1.5 mm, longitudinally ribbed. |
uniformly brown, 1–1.4 mm, verrucose. |
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Phyllanthus abnormis |
Phyllanthus fluitans |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting summer–fall. | |||||
Habitat | Slow-moving rivers, ponds. | |||||
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
FL; NM; OK; TX; ne Mexico
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FL; South America [Introduced in North America; also introduced in Mexico] |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Phyllanthus fluitans, the only floating species in the genus, appears to be closely related to P. caroliniensis (H. Kathriarachchi et al. 2006). This popular aquarium plant was first discovered in the flora area in 2010 in the Peace River drainage, DeSoto County (G. J. Wilder and M. P. Sowinski 2010); it appears to be naturalized there despite intensive eradication efforts (M. P. Sowinski, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 343. | FNA vol. 12, p. 340. | ||||
Parent taxa | Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus | Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Baillon: Adansonia 1: 42. (1860) | Bentham ex Müller. Arg.: Linnaea 32: 36. (1863) | ||||
Web links |