The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

abnormal leaflower, Drummond's leaf-flower

floating spurge, red root floater

Habit Herbs, annual, sometimes becoming woody and then appearing to be perennial, monoecious, 1–5 dm; branching phyllanthoid. Herbs, perennial, floating aquatic, without caudex or rhizomes, monoecious, 0.5–13 dm; branching not phyllanthoid.
Stems

main stems persistent, terete, not winged, glabrous or scabridulous; ultimate branchlets deciduous, subterete, not winged, glabrous or scabridulous.

terete, not winged, glabrous.

Leaves

on main stems spiral, scalelike;

stipules not auriculate, pale reddish brown.;

leaves on ultimate branchlets distichous, well developed;

stipules not auriculate, greenish white;

blade elliptic to oblong, 3–10 × 1–4 mm, base cuneate to subcordate, apex obtuse to emarginate, both surfaces glabrous or scabridulous.

distichous; all well developed;

stipules auriculate, pale brown;

blade ± orbiculate, 9–17 mm diam., base cordate, apex rounded to shallowly emarginate, both surfaces papillate.

Inflorescences

cymules, proximal staminate with 2 flowers, distal bisexual with 1 pistillate flower and 1–3 staminate flowers.

cymules, bisexual, with 1–2 staminate and 1–2 pistillate flowers, or flowers solitary.

Pedicels

staminate 0.7–1.5 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, (1–)1.5–3(–3.5) mm.

staminate 0.5–1 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, 0.5–1 mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals 5–6 in basal cymules, 4 in distal cymules, pale yellowish green, sometimes suffused with red, flat, 0.5–1 mm;

nectary extrastaminal, 4(–6) glands;

stamens 2(–3 in basal cymules), filaments connate throughout.

sepals (5–)6, white or greenish white, flat, 1–1.4 mm;

nectary extrastaminal, (5–)6 glands;

stamens 3, filaments distinct.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5–6, green with nearly white margins, flat, (0.5–)0.7–1.1 mm, 1-veined;

nectary 3 glands (2-fid distally, thus resembling 6 glands).

sepals (5–)6, white or greenish white, flat, 0.8–1.2 mm, 1-veined;

nectary annular, unlobed to lobed.

Capsules

2.3–2.7 mm diam., smooth.

2.5–3 mm diam., smooth.

Seeds

uniformly brown, 1.1–1.5 mm, longitudinally ribbed.

uniformly brown, 1–1.4 mm, verrucose.

Phyllanthus abnormis

Phyllanthus fluitans

Phenology Flowering and fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat Slow-moving rivers, ponds.
Elevation 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; NM; OK; TX; ne Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; South America [Introduced in North America; also introduced in Mexico]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Phyllanthus fluitans, the only floating species in the genus, appears to be closely related to P. caroliniensis (H. Kathriarachchi et al. 2006). This popular aquarium plant was first discovered in the flora area in 2010 in the Peace River drainage, DeSoto County (G. J. Wilder and M. P. Sowinski 2010); it appears to be naturalized there despite intensive eradication efforts (M. P. Sowinski, pers. comm.).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Pistillate nectary glands strongly unequal, spatulate, as long as or longer than broad; leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces or sparsely to moderately scabridulous abaxially; bisexual cymules with 1 staminate flower.
var. abnormis
1. Pistillate nectary glands subequal, reniform, broader than long; leaf blades densely scabridulous on both surfaces; bisexual cymules with 1–3 staminate flowers.
var. riograndensis
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 343. FNA vol. 12, p. 340.
Parent taxa Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus
Sibling taxa
P. acidus, P. amarus, P. angustifolius, P. caroliniensis, P. ericoides, P. evanescens, P. fluitans, P. fraternus, P. liebmannianus, P. niruri, P. pentaphyllus, P. polygonoides, P. tenellus, P. urinaria, P. warnockii
P. abnormis, P. acidus, P. amarus, P. angustifolius, P. caroliniensis, P. ericoides, P. evanescens, P. fraternus, P. liebmannianus, P. niruri, P. pentaphyllus, P. polygonoides, P. tenellus, P. urinaria, P. warnockii
Subordinate taxa
P. abnormis var. abnormis, P. abnormis var. riograndensis
Name authority Baillon: Adansonia 1: 42. (1860) Bentham ex Müller. Arg.: Linnaea 32: 36. (1863)
Web links