Phyllanthus abnormis |
Phyllanthus caroliniensis |
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abnormal leaflower, Drummond's leaf-flower |
Carolina leaf-flower |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, sometimes becoming woody and then appearing to be perennial, monoecious, 1–5 dm; branching phyllanthoid. | Herbs, annual or perennial, without caudex or rhizomes, monoecious, 1–4.5 dm; branching not phyllanthoid. | ||||||||
Stems | main stems persistent, terete, not winged, glabrous or scabridulous; ultimate branchlets deciduous, subterete, not winged, glabrous or scabridulous. |
terete, not winged [narrowly winged], glabrous or scabridulous. |
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Leaves | on main stems spiral, scalelike; stipules not auriculate, pale reddish brown.; leaves on ultimate branchlets distichous, well developed; stipules not auriculate, greenish white; blade elliptic to oblong, 3–10 × 1–4 mm, base cuneate to subcordate, apex obtuse to emarginate, both surfaces glabrous or scabridulous. |
distichous; all well developed; stipules auriculate, pale brown or reddish brown; blade elliptic or oblong to obovate, 5–20(–30) × 2–10(–15) mm, base acute, apex obtuse to rounded and apiculate, both surfaces glabrous or scabridulous. |
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Inflorescences | cymules, proximal staminate with 2 flowers, distal bisexual with 1 pistillate flower and 1–3 staminate flowers. |
cymules, bisexual, with 1–3(–5) pistillate flowers and 1–2 staminate flowers. |
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Pedicels | staminate 0.7–1.5 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, (1–)1.5–3(–3.5) mm. |
staminate 0.5–1 mm, pistillate sharply reflexed in fruit, 0.5–1(–1.5) mm. |
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Staminate flowers | sepals 5–6 in basal cymules, 4 in distal cymules, pale yellowish green, sometimes suffused with red, flat, 0.5–1 mm; nectary extrastaminal, 4(–6) glands; stamens 2(–3 in basal cymules), filaments connate throughout. |
sepals (5–)6, pale yellowish green, flat, 0.5–0.7 mm; nectary extrastaminal, 6 glands; stamens 3, filaments distinct. |
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Pistillate flowers | sepals 5–6, green with nearly white margins, flat, (0.5–)0.7–1.1 mm, 1-veined; nectary 3 glands (2-fid distally, thus resembling 6 glands). |
sepals (5–)6(–7), green, often suffused with red, with scarious margins, flat, 0.6–1.4 mm, 1-veined; nectary cupular or annular, lobed or unlobed. |
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Capsules | 2.3–2.7 mm diam., smooth. |
1.6–2 mm diam., smooth. |
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Seeds | uniformly brown, 1.1–1.5 mm, longitudinally ribbed. |
uniformly brown, 0.7–1.1 mm, verrucose. |
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2n | = 36 (subsp. guianensis, West Indies). |
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Phyllanthus abnormis |
Phyllanthus caroliniensis |
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Distribution |
FL; NM; OK; TX; ne Mexico
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AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Introduced in se Asia]
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 4 (2 in the flora). Phyllanthus caroliniensis is the most widespread Phyllanthus in the flora area and in the Americas. In addition to the two subspecies in the flora, there are two others. Subspecies guianensis (Klotzsch) G. L. Webster, found in the West Indies, Central America, and northern South America, is similar to subsp. caroliniensis but distinguished by longer stipules (1.5–2 mm versus 0.8–12 mm) and staminate nectary glands that are longer than wide (versus as wide or wider than long). Subspecies stenopterus (Müller Arg.) G. L. Webster, of southern Central America and northern South America, is recognizable by its narrowly winged stems. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 343. | FNA vol. 12, p. 339. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus | Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Name authority | Baillon: Adansonia 1: 42. (1860) | Walter: Fl. Carol., 228. (1788) | ||||||||
Web links |