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abnormal leaflower, Drummond's leaf-flower

carry me seed, Dixie leafflower, gale of wind

Habit Herbs, annual, sometimes becoming woody and then appearing to be perennial, monoecious, 1–5 dm; branching phyllanthoid. Herbs, annual, monoecious, 1–5 dm; branching phyllanthoid.
Stems

main stems persistent, terete, not winged, glabrous or scabridulous; ultimate branchlets deciduous, subterete, not winged, glabrous or scabridulous.

main stems terete, not winged, glabrous; ultimate branchlets subterete, not winged, glabrous or slightly scabridulous proximally.

Leaves

on main stems spiral, scalelike;

stipules not auriculate, pale reddish brown.;

leaves on ultimate branchlets distichous, well developed;

stipules not auriculate, greenish white;

blade elliptic to oblong, 3–10 × 1–4 mm, base cuneate to subcordate, apex obtuse to emarginate, both surfaces glabrous or scabridulous.

on main stems spiral, scalelike;

stipules not auriculate, pale brown.;

leaves on ultimate branchlets distichous, well developed;

stipules not auriculate, pale green with pale brown margins;

blade elliptic-oblong to obovate, 5–11 × 3–6 mm, base obtuse or rounded, apex obtuse to rounded, often apiculate, both surfaces glabrous.

Inflorescences

cymules, proximal staminate with 2 flowers, distal bisexual with 1 pistillate flower and 1–3 staminate flowers.

cymules or flowers solitary, proximal staminate with 1–2 flowers, distal bisexual with 1 pistillate flower and 1 staminate flower.

Pedicels

staminate 0.7–1.5 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, (1–)1.5–3(–3.5) mm.

staminate 0.6–1.3 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, (1–)1.2–2 mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals 5–6 in basal cymules, 4 in distal cymules, pale yellowish green, sometimes suffused with red, flat, 0.5–1 mm;

nectary extrastaminal, 4(–6) glands;

stamens 2(–3 in basal cymules), filaments connate throughout.

sepals 5(–6), pale green, flat, 0.3–0.6 mm;

nectary extrastaminal, 5 glands;

stamens (2–)3, filaments connate throughout.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5–6, green with nearly white margins, flat, (0.5–)0.7–1.1 mm, 1-veined;

nectary 3 glands (2-fid distally, thus resembling 6 glands).

sepals (5–)6, green with broad pale green to white margins, flat, 0.8–1.1 mm, 1-veined;

nectary annular, 5(–7)-lobed.

Capsules

2.3–2.7 mm diam., smooth.

1.9–2.1 mm diam., smooth.

Seeds

uniformly brown, 1.1–1.5 mm, longitudinally ribbed.

uniformly brown, 0.9–1 mm, longitudinally ribbed.

2n

= 52 (Jamaica).

Phyllanthus abnormis

Phyllanthus amarus

Phenology Flowering and fruiting year-round.
Habitat Fields, roadsides, gardens, other disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; NM; OK; TX; ne Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Asia, Africa, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Phyllanthus amarus, a pantropical weed, appears to be native to the American tropics. In the flora area, it is naturalized only in southern Florida, where it apparently was introduced sometime in the second half of the nineteenth century. It has been found in nursery stock in California (G. F. Hrusa, pers. comm.) and may become naturalized there.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Pistillate nectary glands strongly unequal, spatulate, as long as or longer than broad; leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces or sparsely to moderately scabridulous abaxially; bisexual cymules with 1 staminate flower.
var. abnormis
1. Pistillate nectary glands subequal, reniform, broader than long; leaf blades densely scabridulous on both surfaces; bisexual cymules with 1–3 staminate flowers.
var. riograndensis
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 343. FNA vol. 12, p. 342.
Parent taxa Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus
Sibling taxa
P. acidus, P. amarus, P. angustifolius, P. caroliniensis, P. ericoides, P. evanescens, P. fluitans, P. fraternus, P. liebmannianus, P. niruri, P. pentaphyllus, P. polygonoides, P. tenellus, P. urinaria, P. warnockii
P. abnormis, P. acidus, P. angustifolius, P. caroliniensis, P. ericoides, P. evanescens, P. fluitans, P. fraternus, P. liebmannianus, P. niruri, P. pentaphyllus, P. polygonoides, P. tenellus, P. urinaria, P. warnockii
Subordinate taxa
P. abnormis var. abnormis, P. abnormis var. riograndensis
Name authority Baillon: Adansonia 1: 42. (1860) Schumacher & Thonning: in H. C. F. Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl., 421. (1827)
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