Phleum alpinum
Phleum pratense
alpine timothy, fléole alpine, mountain timothy, phléole alpine, timothy grass
common timothy, cultivated timothy, fleole des pres, mil, phleole des pres, timothy
15-50 cm, often decumbent, lower internodes not enlarged or bulbous.
(20) 50-150 cm, usually erect, lower internodes frequently enlarged or bulbous.
of the flag leaves inflated;
auricles not developed, leaf edges sometimes wrinkled at the junction of the sheath and blade;
ligules 1-4 mm, truncate;
blades to 17 cm long, 4-7 mm wide, flat.
of the flag leaves not inflated;
auricles occasionally present, inconspicuous;
ligules 2-4 mm, obtuse to acute;
blades to 45 cm long, 4-8(10) mm wide, flat.
1-6 cm long, 5-12 mm wide, usually 1.5-3 times as long as wide, subglobose to broadly cylindric, not tapering distally;
branches adnate to the rachises.
(3)5-10(16) cm long, 5-7.5(10) mm wide, 5-20 times as long as wide, not tapering distally;
branches adnate to the rachises.
2.5-4.5 mm, sides scabrous, keels hispid, apices awned, awns 0.8-2.5(3.2) mm;
lemmas 1.7-2.5 mm, about 3/4 as long as the glumes, mostly glabrous, keels hairy, hairs to 0.1 mm;
anthers 1-1.5(2) mm.
3-4 mm, sides usually puberulent, keels pectinate-ciliate, apices awned, awns 1-1.5(2) mm;
lemmas (1.2)1.7-2 mm, about 1/2 as long as the glumes, usually puberulent;
anthers 1.6-2.3 mm.
= 14, 28.
= 42 (21, 35, 36, 49, 56, 63, 70, 84).
Phleum alpinum
Phleum pratense
Phleum alpinum grows along stream banks, on moist prairie hillsides, and in wet mountain meadows. It is a circumboreal species extending, in the Flora region, from northern North America southward through the mountains to Mexico and South America. It is also widespread in northern Eurasia. Isolated, depauperate plants of P. pratense may be difficult to distinguish from P. alpinum; there is never any difficulty in the field.
Kula et al. (2006) demonstrated that American and northern European plants of Phleum alpinum belong to the same taxon. They mistakenly identified the taxon as P. commutatum Gaudin. Because Humphries (1978) lectotypified P. alpinum on a plant from Lapland, it has priority over P. commutatum. North American plants belong to P. alpinum L. subsp. alpinum and are tetraploid. The count of 2n =14 applies to Phleum alpinum subsp. rhaeticum Humphries, which grows in the mountains of central and southern Europe.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Phleum pratense grows in pastures, rangelands, and disturbed sites throughout most of the mesic, cooler regions of North America. Originally introduced from Eurasia as a pasture grass, it is now well established in many parts of the world, including the Flora region. North American plants belong to the polyploid Phleum pratense L. subsp. pratense, which differs from the diploid P. pratense subsp. bertolonii (DC.) Bornm. in having obtuse ligules. Depauperate specimens of P. pratense are hard to distinguish from P. alpinum.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
- Local floras:
BC, 
CA, 
OR, 
WA - Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos,
Flora NW, 
Go Botany, 
MI Flora, 
PNW Herbaria 
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist (observations)
USDA Plants Database- LBJ Wildflower Center
- SEINet
- Plants of the World Online
- Encyclopedia of Life
- Wikipedia
- Google Image Search
- Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA
- Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, Go Botany,
IL Wildflowers, 
KS Wildflowers, 
LA Plants, 
MD Biodiversity, MI Flora, 
MN Wildflowers, 
MO Plants, PNW Herbaria - WildflowerSearch
- iNaturalist (observations)
- USDA Plants Database
- LBJ Wildflower Center
- SEINet
- Plants of the World Online
- Encyclopedia of Life
- Wikipedia
- Google Image Search
