Phleum alpinum
Phleum phleoides
alpine timothy, fléole alpine, mountain timothy, phléole alpine, timothy grass
boehmer's cat's-tail, purple-stem cat's tail
15-50 cm, often decumbent, lower internodes not enlarged or bulbous.
6-90 cm, erect or nearly so, lower internodes not enlarged or bulbous.
of the flag leaves inflated;
auricles not developed, leaf edges sometimes wrinkled at the junction of the sheath and blade;
ligules 1-4 mm, truncate;
blades to 17 cm long, 4-7 mm wide, flat.
of the flag leaves inflated;
auricles not developed;
ligules 1-2 mm, truncate, rounded, or obtuse;
blades to 12(26) cm long, 1-6 mm wide, flat or convolute.
1-6 cm long, 5-12 mm wide, usually 1.5-3 times as long as wide, subglobose to broadly cylindric, not tapering distally;
branches adnate to the rachises.
2-14(17) cm long, 4-10 mm wide, narrowly cylindrical, tapering distally;
branches not adnate to the rachises.
2.5-4.5 mm, sides scabrous, keels hispid, apices awned, awns 0.8-2.5(3.2) mm;
lemmas 1.7-2.5 mm, about 3/4 as long as the glumes, mostly glabrous, keels hairy, hairs to 0.1 mm;
anthers 1-1.5(2) mm.
2-3.7 mm, oblong-lanceolate, keels usually scabrous or shortly ciliate, sometimes smooth, apices not abruptly narrowed, awned, awns 0.3-0.5 mm;
lemmas 2/3 - 3/4 as long as the glumes, glabrous or puberulent, apices acute;
anthers about 1.5 mm.
= 14, 28.
= 14, 28.
Phleum alpinum
Phleum phleoides
Phleum alpinum grows along stream banks, on moist prairie hillsides, and in wet mountain meadows. It is a circumboreal species extending, in the Flora region, from northern North America southward through the mountains to Mexico and South America. It is also widespread in northern Eurasia. Isolated, depauperate plants of P. pratense may be difficult to distinguish from P. alpinum; there is never any difficulty in the field.
Kula et al. (2006) demonstrated that American and northern European plants of Phleum alpinum belong to the same taxon. They mistakenly identified the taxon as P. commutatum Gaudin. Because Humphries (1978) lectotypified P. alpinum on a plant from Lapland, it has priority over P. commutatum. North American plants belong to P. alpinum L. subsp. alpinum and are tetraploid. The count of 2n =14 applies to Phleum alpinum subsp. rhaeticum Humphries, which grows in the mountains of central and southern Europe.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Phleum phleoides is native to dry grasslands from Europe through central Asia. It was collected, in 1990, beside railroad tracks in Coquitlam, British Columbia.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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BC, 
CA, 
OR, 
WA - Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos,
Flora NW, 
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USDA Plants Database- LBJ Wildflower Center
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