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bog apple-moss, bog spring moss, philonotis moss

Habit Plants small, in loose to dense tufts, yellowish or bright green, brown proximally.
Stems

1–6 cm, erect, simple or 2-fid, tomentose proximally.

Leaves

erect-spreading when dry, somewhat divergent when moist, triangular- to slightly ovate-lanceolate, 1–2.3 mm;

margins plane or sometimes narrowly revolute, serrulate nearly to base, teeth single;

apex acuminate;

costa percurrent to long-excurrent, abaxial surface weakly papillose;

laminal cells rectangular, less than 9:1, prorulose, prorulae rounded, near distal ends or sometimes both ends on abaxial side;

basal cells oblong, 18–45 × 6–15 µm;

distal cells linear oblong, 20–30 × 4–8 µm.

Seta

1.5–4 cm, flexuose.

Sexual condition

dioicous;

perigonia discoid.

Capsule

1–2.5 mm.

Spores

spheric, 20–30 µm.

Specialized

asexual reproduction by propagula sometimes borne in leaf axils.

Philonotis marchica

Phenology Capsules mature Mar–Sep.
Habitat Rock, soil, wet places, roadsides, springs
Elevation low to high elevations (30-3000 m) (low to high elevations (100-9800 ft))
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CO; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NS; QC; Mexico; Central America; n South America (Colombia); Europe; Asia; n Africa; Atlantic Islands (Macaronesia)
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Discussion

Philonotis marchica is recognized by its usually plane, singly serrulate leaf margins and laminal cells bearing rounded prorulae near the distal ends. Philonotis capillaris, a species mainly of Pacific coastal habitats, shares with P. marchica the singly serrulate leaf margin. However, P. capillaris, in contrast to P. marchica, has a more or less decumbent, flaccid habit, more distant, widespread leaves, shorter and broader distal laminal cells and obscure prorulae in the basal half of the leaf.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 28, p. 108.
Parent taxa Bartramiaceae > Philonotis
Sibling taxa
P. calcarea, P. capillaris, P. cernua, P. fontana, P. gracillima, P. longiseta, P. seriata, P. sphaerocarpa, P. uncinata, P. yezoana
Synonyms Mnium marchicum, P. muehlenbergii
Name authority (Hedwig) Bridel: Bryol. Univ. 2: 23. (1827)
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