Phemeranthus calycinus |
Portulacaceae |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
largeflower fameflower |
purslane family |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Plants to 4 dm; roots fleshily woody. | Subshrubs [shrubs] or herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, often succulent or fleshy. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | ascending or erect, simple or branching. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | sessile; blade subterete, to 7 cm. |
opposite, subopposite, or alternate and sometimes secund, sometimes rosulate or subrosulate, exstipulate (except Portulaca and Talinopsis, with nodal or axillary hairs regarded as stipular); blade margins mostly entire, occasionally dentate to crisped. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inflorescences | cymose, much overtopping leaves; peduncle scapelike, to 25 cm. |
axillary or terminal, cymose, racemose, paniculate, or umbellate, sometimes glomerate, spikelike, or with flowers solitary, open to congested. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flowers | sepals persistent, ovate to suborbiculate, 4–6 mm; petals pink- to red-purple, obovate, 10–15 mm; stamens 25–45; stigma 1, subcapitate, 3-lobed. |
mostly radially symmetric, sometimes slightly irregular (in Montia); sepals 2–9; petals (1–)2–19 or sometimes absent, distinct or connate basally; stamens 1–many, opposite and sometimes basally adnate to petals; gynoecium 2–9-carpelled; ovary 1, superior (half-inferior to inferior in Portulaca), 1-locular throughout or initially plurilocular and becoming 1-locular distally (in Portulaca), placentation basal or free-central, ovules 1-many; style present, sometimes branched, or absent; stigmas 1–9. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fruits | capsular. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capsules | broadly ovoid, 6–7 mm. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seeds | without arcuate ridges, 1 mm. |
smooth or sculptured, with or without strophioles or elaiosomes. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
x | = 4–9, 11, 13, 15, 23. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2n | = 24, 48. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phemeranthus calycinus |
Portulacaceae |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Rocky or sandy soil, on or near outcrops | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 100-1200 m (300-3900 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CO; IL; KS; LA; MO; NE; NM; OK; TX
|
Primarily Southern Hemisphere; poorly represented in Eurasia |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Some populations of Phemeranthus calycinus are diploid while others are tetraploid, the latter probably the result of autopolyploidy (W. H. Murdy and M. E. B. Carter 2001). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 20–30, species ca. 500 (9 genera, 91 species in the flora). The eastern New World species of Portulacaceae seem to have a closer relationship with the African species, and the western New World species a closer one with the Australian species, than the two New World groups have with each other to each other. The outer perianth segments, referred to herein as sepals, are held by some (e.g., T. Eckardt 1976) to be modified bracteoles, the petals then representing the true sepals. However, the traditional interpretation, adopted here and in most North American floras, still finds current support (R. C. Carolin 1987). A comparable situation prevails with respect to the cauline leaves in Claytonia and other genera, which are widely interpreted to be foliaceous bracts (R. C. Carolin 1987); here again, as is appropriate in a descriptive context, the traditional terminology is employed. In Talinopsis and Portulaca, the stipular nature of the nodal or axillary hairs also has been a matter of discussion. The question was revisited by R. Geesink (1969), who denied their stipular origin. The relationships of the family are not a matter of dispute (A. Cronquist 1981; R. C. Carolin 1987); the same cannot be said for the relationships and delimitations of the genera, which have always been labile. They are, at present, the subject of active research, which has led to the current acceptance of Phemeranthus and Cistanthe. Changes in the generic classification are discussed in the treatments of the genera concerned. Because of the uncertain relationships, the genera and species are listed alphabetically. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 492. | FNA vol. 4, p. 457. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Portulacaceae > Phemeranthus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Talinum calycinum, Claytonia calycina | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Engelmann) Kiger: Novon 11: 320. (2001) | Adanson | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |
|