Phaseolus parvulus |
Phaseolus |
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Pinos Altos Mountain bean |
bean, wild bean |
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Stems | erect, trailing, or twining, 5–50 cm. |
usually prostrate to climbing, rarely erect, striate, often lignescent, pubescent, covered with oblique to appressed, retrorse hairs, interspersed with finely uncinate, minutely hooked hairs. |
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Leaves | stipules sometimes red-purple pigmented, appressed to stem, reflexed or distally spreading, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.8–6.5(–8.5) × 0.7–3(–4) mm (larger distally); petiole 1.8–3.4 cm; rachis 0.4–1 cm; stipels subulate to ovate or lanceolate, 1–2.5 mm; leaflet blades usually linear to lanceolate, sometimes narrowly trullate, sometimes terminal leaflets with 2 basal lobes each side, lateral leaflets often ± distinctly round lobed basally on 1 or both sides, laterals 2–4.7 × 0.5–1.3(–2.8) cm, terminal 2.4–5.6 × 0.3–1.2(–2.7) cm, thin, base attenuate, apex round or acute, obscurely apiculate, surfaces sparsely pubescent abaxially, scabrous adaxially. |
alternate, odd-pinnate; stipules and stipels present (terminal ones ascending, those of lateral leaflets spreading), at times covered with glandular hairs, these nectariferous; petiole present, petiole and rachis canaliculate; leaflets 3, blade margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. |
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Inflorescences | 2–18 cm; axis sparsely covered with minute, uncinate hairs; rachis 0.2–0.6 cm, with 1–3 (usually 1-flowered) nodes; bracts lanceolate, 4 × 1.5 mm, 4–6-veined. |
(1–)3–60+-flowered, terminal or axillary, usually pseudoracemes, rarely also with basal and lateral branches (compound racemes), (1 or)4–60 floral nodes, not swollen, often biflorous; primary bracts present, usually persistent, secondary bracts at base of pedicels; bracteoles minute or equal to calyx tube; bracts and bracteoles often nectariferous as stipules. |
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Peduncles | 2–12 cm. |
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Pedicels | to 10 mm, shorter than flowers, uncinate-pubescent; bracteoles persistent, ovate or obsolete, 0.1–0.5 mm. |
equal to or longer than calyx tube, arcuate or reflexed in fruit. |
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Flowers | calyx campanulate-tubular, 5–8 mm, adaxial proximal portion rounded, papillate, covered with minute, uncinate hairs; abaxial lobes lanceolate; lateral lobes usually triangular, sometimes falcate; adaxial lobes connate nearly throughout; corolla violet, lavender-pink, or purple, 15–25 mm; banner obovate or spatulate, 12–16 mm, apex obtuse, emarginate; wings obovate, 15–27 mm, rounded-auriculate on distal margin at base; keel 10 mm; ovary linear, 6–7.5 mm, glabrous, marginally scabrous. |
papilionaceous; calyx campanulate or campanulate-tubular, lobes 5, usually shorter than tube, adaxial usually ± connate throughout; corolla pink, purple, red, violet, or white; banner glabrous abaxially, often hairy adaxially, slightly to strongly thickened at point of reflexion, often with two intramarginal thickenings; wings longer than other petals; keel beaked, apex 1.5–2 laterally and tightly coiled, coils 1.5–5.5 mm diam.; stamens 10, diadelphous, vexillary stamen dilated or with globose to bladelike appendage basally; anthers dorsifixed alternating with basifixed; pollen tricolporate to triporate, often with pseudocolpi; ovary with nectary disc at base, linear; stigma introrse, laterally or extrorsely placed because of stylar rotation, apical or extrorse. |
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Fruits | legumes, sessile or stipitate, usually falcate, sometimes straight, linear or oblong, short-beaked, usually elastically dehiscent, membranous, papery, or leathery, compressed or expanding over seeds, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Legumes | horizontal to pendent, terete, linear-straight to slightly falcate, 35–45 × 3–4 mm, elastically dehiscent, valves leathery, glabrous. |
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Seeds | 8–11, usually brown to light brown or grayish green, punctate and mottled black, sometimes light green, oblong or reniform, 2–3.7 × 1.7–2.6 mm, smooth; hilum ovate-oblong, 0.4–0.5 mm. |
1–20, oblong, quadrate, suborbicular, or reniform; epihilum white. |
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Vines | perennial, with deep-seated, oblong or spherical tuberous taproots. |
, annual or perennial, unarmed; roots tuberous or elongated (non-tuberous) taproots or fibrous. |
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x | = 10, 11. |
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2n | = 22. |
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Phaseolus parvulus |
Phaseolus |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Pinus-Pseudotsuga or pine-oak forests, wet meadows. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 1500–3000 m. (4900–9800 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)
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North America; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America (n Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela); tropical to warm temperate areas |
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Discussion | Phaseolus parvulus is known from Apache, Cochise, Coconino, Graham, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties in Arizona, and Catron, Grant, Hidalgo, and Sierra counties in New Mexico. Phaseolus parvulus is a relatively small and unique wild bean characterized by its small, radishlike root, erect to trailing habit, and tubular calyx. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 70 (12 in the flora). Phaseolus species share an indument of uncinate hairs, inflorescences with non-swollen floral nodes, bracts that are usually persistent, pedicels that are longer than the calyx tubes, and floral keel petals that are distally coiled laterally. The pseudoracemes or compound racemes have two (or three) flowers per node (this with a primary bract), and each flower is subtended by a secondary bract and two bracteoles covering partially or completely the sides of the calyx, at the apex of each pedicel. Some Phaseolus species develop reduced lateral inflorescences (G. Prenner 2013). The latter are referred to as panicles by G. F. Freytag and D. G. Debouck (2002). The seedlings have hypogeal or epigeal germination; in the flora area all species have hypogeal seedlings, except P. acutifolius and P. filiformis. A phylogenetic classification of the different groups of species in Phaseolus has been proposed (A. Delgado-Salinas et al. 2006). Phaseolus has five cultivated species, and at least two (P. lunatus Linnaeus and P. vulgaris Linnaeus) have numerous cultivars and are important sources of food worldwide. Four species (P. acutifolius, P. coccineus Linnaeus, P. lunatus, and P. vulgaris) are grown in the United States and have been reported to escape (D. Isely 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Phaseolus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Alepidocalyx parvulus | Alepidocalyx, Lipusa, Minkelersia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Greene: Bot. Gaz. 6: 217. (1881) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 723. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 323. (1754) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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