Phalaris canariensis |
Phalaris minor |
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alpiste des canaries, annual canarygrass, Canary grass, common Canary grass, phalaris des canaries |
lesser canarygrass, little-seed Canary grass, Mediterranean canarygrass, small Canary grass |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants annual. |
Culms | 30-100 cm. |
10-100 cm, not swollen at the base. |
Panicles | 1.5-5 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, ovoid to oblong-ovoid, continuous, not lobed, truncate at the base; branches not evident, spikelets borne singly, not clustered. |
1-8 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, dense, ovoid-lanceoloid, truncate to rounded at the base, rounded apically. |
Spikelets | homogamous, with 3 florets, terminal floret bisexual; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the sterile florets. |
borne singly, not clustered.; spikelets homogamous, with 2 florets, 1 bisexual; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the sterile florets. |
Glumes | 7-10 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, smooth, mostly glabrous, sometimes sparsely pilose between the veins, keels winged, wings to 0.6 mm, widening distally, lateral veins inconspicuous, smooth, apices rounded to acute, sometimes mucronate; sterile florets 2, equal or subequal, 2-4.5 mm, 1/3 or more the length of the bisexual florets, lanceolate, sparsely hairy, acute; bisexual florets 4.5-6.8 mm, ovate, densely hairy, shiny, stramineous to gray-brown; anthers 2-4 mm. |
3.5-6.5 mm long, 1.2-2 mm wide, keels winged distally, wings 0.3-0.5 mm wide, irregularly dentate or crenate, occasionally entire, varying within a panicle, lateral veins conspicuous, smooth; sterile florets 1, 0.7-1.8 mm, linear, glabrous or almost so; bisexual florets 2-4 mm long, 1-1.8 mm wide, hairy, dull yellow when immature, becoming shiny gray-brown at maturity, acute to somewhat acuminate; anthers 1-2 mm. |
Ligules | 3-6 mm, rounded to obtuse, lacerate; blades 3-25 cm long, 2-10 mm wide. |
5-12 mm, truncate to rounded, often lacerate; blades 3-15 cm long, 2-10 mm wide, smooth, shiny. |
2n | = 12. |
= 28, 29. |
Phalaris canariensis |
Phalaris minor |
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Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; HI; AB; BC; LB; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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AK; AL; AZ; CA; CO; FL; LA; NJ; NM; OR; PA; SC; TX; HI; NB
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Discussion | Phalaris canariensis is native to southern Europe and the Canary Islands, but is now widespread in the rest of the world, frequently being grown for birdseed. The exposed ends of the glumes are almost semicircular in outline, making this one of our easier species of Phalaris to identify. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Phalaris minor is native around the Mediterranean and in northwestern Asia, but is now found throughout the world. Even where it is native, it usually grows in disturbed ground, often around harbors and near refuse dumps. Although it has been found at numerous locations in the Flora region, it is only established in the southern portion of the region. The compact panicle with its truncate to rounded base, and the rather variable edges of the glume wings, usually distinguish Phalaris minor from other species in the genus. It sometimes forms a polyploid hybrid with P. aquatica, P. xdaviesii S.T. Blake, which is cultivated for forage in Australia, Africa, and South America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24. | FNA vol. 24. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Phalaris | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Phalaris |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | L. | Retz. |
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