Phalaris canariensis |
Phalaris angusta |
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alpiste des canaries, annual canarygrass, Canary grass, common Canary grass, phalaris des canaries |
narrow canarygrass, timothy Canary grass |
|
Habit | Plants annual. | Plants annual. |
Culms | 30-100 cm. |
10-170 cm. |
Panicles | 1.5-5 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, ovoid to oblong-ovoid, continuous, not lobed, truncate at the base; branches not evident, spikelets borne singly, not clustered. |
2-20 cm long, 0.6-1.5 cm wide, cylindrical, discontinuous, sometimes lobed; branches sometimes evident, spikelets borne singly, not clustered. |
Spikelets | homogamous, with 3 florets, terminal floret bisexual; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the sterile florets. |
homogamous, with 3 florets, terminal floret bisexual; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the sterile florets. |
Glumes | 7-10 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, smooth, mostly glabrous, sometimes sparsely pilose between the veins, keels winged, wings to 0.6 mm, widening distally, lateral veins inconspicuous, smooth, apices rounded to acute, sometimes mucronate; sterile florets 2, equal or subequal, 2-4.5 mm, 1/3 or more the length of the bisexual florets, lanceolate, sparsely hairy, acute; bisexual florets 4.5-6.8 mm, ovate, densely hairy, shiny, stramineous to gray-brown; anthers 2-4 mm. |
2-6 mm long, 0.6-1.1 mm wide, rectangular, often purplish, keels winged, scabrous, wings about 0.4 mm wide, smooth, lateral veins conspicuous, scabrous, apices mucronate; sterile florets 2, equal, 0.5-1.5 mm, linear, sparsely and inconspicuously hairy; bisexual florets 2-3.8 mm long, 0.9-1.5 mm wide, laterally compressed, hairy, particularly distally, shiny, apices tapering; anthers 0.5-1.3 mm. |
Ligules | 3-6 mm, rounded to obtuse, lacerate; blades 3-25 cm long, 2-10 mm wide. |
4-7 mm, truncate to rounded or obtuse, lacerate; blades 3-15 cm long, 2-12 mm wide. |
2n | = 12. |
= 14. |
Phalaris canariensis |
Phalaris angusta |
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Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; HI; AB; BC; LB; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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AL; AZ; CA; FL; GA; LA; MS; NM; OR; SC; TX
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Discussion | Phalaris canariensis is native to southern Europe and the Canary Islands, but is now widespread in the rest of the world, frequently being grown for birdseed. The exposed ends of the glumes are almost semicircular in outline, making this one of our easier species of Phalaris to identify. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Phalaris angusta grows in the contiguous United States, primarily in the south. In South America, it is most abundant in a band from Chile to Argentina; it also grows in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Thellung (1911) considered it to be a South American species that is adventive in North America. Throughout its distribution, it tends to grow in open grasslands and prairies. Baldini (1995) suggested that Phalaris angusta, P. lemmonii, and P. caroliniana are involved in reciprocal hybridization and introgression, particularly in California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24. | FNA vol. 24. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Phalaris | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Phalaris |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | L. | Nees ex Trin. |
Web links |
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