The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

California Canary grass, canarygrass

Carolina Canary grass

Habit Plants perennial; cespitose, not rhizomatous. Plants annual.
Culms

60-160 cm, swollen at the base.

to 150 cm.

Panicles

1.5-6 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, ovoid to cylindrical, often purplish, often truncate at the base;

branches not evident, spikelets borne singly, not clustered.

0.5-8(8.5) cm long, 0.8-2 cm wide, ovoid to subcylindrical, not lobed;

branches not evident, spikelets borne singly, not clustered.

Spikelets

homogamous, with 3 florets, terminal floret bisexual;

disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the sterile florets.

homogamous, with 3 florets, terminal floret bisexual;

disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the sterile florets.

Glumes

5-8 mm long, 0.9-1.6 mm wide, acute to acuminate, keels not or only narrowly winged distally, wings to 0.2 mm wide, scabrous, lateral veins conspicuous, smooth;

sterile florets 2, equal or subequal, 1.8-3.5 mm, usually more than 1/2 as long as the bisexual florets, densely hairy;

bisexual florets 3.5-5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, sparsely hairy, shiny, stramineous, becoming darker at maturity, apices acute to weakly acuminate;

anthers 3-3.5 mm.

3.8-6(8) mm long, 0.8-1.5 mm wide, keels smooth or scabridulous, narrowly to broadly winged distally, wings 0.1-0.5 mm wide, entire, smooth, lateral veins prominent, usually smooth, sometimes scabridulous, apices acute or acuminate;

sterile florets 2, equal to subequal, 1.5-2.5 mm, 1/2 or more the length of the bisexual florets, the basal 0.2-0.5 mm glabrous, the remainder hairy;

bisexual florets 2.9-4.7 mm long, 0.9-1.8 mm wide, shiny, stramineous when immature, brown when mature, apices hairy, acuminate to beaked;

anthers 1.5-2 mm.

Ligules

3-5(8) mm, truncate to acute, irregularly erose;

blades 5-35 (40) cm long, 3-12(18) mm wide, smooth.

1.5-7 mm, truncate to broadly acute;

blades 1.5-15 cm long, 2-11 mm wide, smooth, shiny green, apices acuminate.

2n

= 28.

= 14.

Phalaris californica

Phalaris caroliniana

Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DE; FL; GA; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NM; NV; OH; OK; OR; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Phalaris californica is native to California and southwestern Oregon. It grows in ravines and on open, moist ground. Records from further north probably represent introductions. The relatively long, sterile florets of P. californica distinguish it from other species of Phalaris in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Phalaris caroliniana grows in wet, marshy, and swampy ground. It is a common species in suitable habitats through much of the southern portion of the Flora region and in northern Mexico. It has also been found in Puerto Rico, where it may be an introduction, and in Europe and Australia, where it is undoubtedly an introduction. It appears to hybridize with P. lemmonii and P. caroliniana (Baldini 1995).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24. FNA vol. 24.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Phalaris Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Phalaris
Sibling taxa
P. angusta, P. aquatica, P. arundinacea, P. brachystachys, P. canariensis, P. caroliniana, P. coerulescens, P. lemmonii, P. minor, P. paradoxa
P. angusta, P. aquatica, P. arundinacea, P. brachystachys, P. californica, P. canariensis, P. coerulescens, P. lemmonii, P. minor, P. paradoxa
Name authority Hook. & Am. Walter
Web links